Irony in All Kings Men Essays -- Literacy Analysis

William Penn Warren’s All the King’s Men is novel that investigates the political society and its persuasions. Like a few government officials in present day society, a few characters have characteristics that appear to be unacceptable to the feeling that have made. These incongruities in All the King’s Men uncover how the characters have blemishes, which can bring about basic results. Jack Burden, Adam Stanton, Judge Irwin and Willie Stark are characters that with unexpected characteristics. Jack Burden is known as the â€Å"student of history† ( Warren 372). The very truth that he is a history specialist is unexpected, as he has originated from a distinguished and trustworthy family and experienced childhood in Burden’s Landing. Nonetheless, Jack does not have the desire expected to exceed expectations throughout everyday life and works for Willie, in spite of the dissatisfaction with this family. He â€Å"not just needs aspiration, yet all ‘essential confidence’ in himself† (Bloom 132). On the off chance that he had desire, he could have hitched Anne Stanton before, as Anne would consistently instruct him to â€Å"go on back to State and finish up† and afterward she will wed him â€Å"even under the steady gaze of [he] gets [his] law degree† (448). However, Jack constrained himself to get kicked out of school. Indeed, even as a student of history, Jack can't manage new things he finds out about individuals he is firmly co nnected with. After he discovered that Lois was really an individual and not â€Å"merely a tasty machine† he went into one of arrangement of the Great Sleep ( Warren 459). After he found out about Anne Stanton and Willie’s issue, Jack incidentally disappeared toward the West in light of the fact that â€Å"when [people] don’t like whey [the] are [they] consistently go West† (Warren 464). Jack couldn't adapt to this news that he needed to leave to assuage his psyche. What's more, as an antiquarian, he doesn't dive into his own past. Concerning his dad, he just realized that the Scholarl... ... its characters. These unexpected imperfections add to their sufferings all through the novel. The blemishes of Willie Stark, Adam Stanton and Judge Irwin prompted a definitive discipline, passing, and Jack Burden’s defects prompted incidentally losing his adoration, Anne Stanton. Works Cited Dough puncher, Joseph E. â€Å"Irony in Fiction: ‘All the King’s Men.’† College English. Vol. 9. JSTOR. Web. 06 Dec. 2011. Blossom, Harold. â€Å"’The Case of the Upright Judge’: The Nature of Truth in All the King's Men.† Robert Penn Warren’s â€Å"All the King’s Men.† Questia School. Web. 06 Dec. 2011. Martin, Glenn. â€Å"Diction in Warren’s ‘All the King’s Men.’† The English Journal. Vol. 58. JSTOR. Web. 06 Dec. 2011. Warren, Robert Penn. All the King’s Men. Orlando: Harcourt Inc., 1996. Wright, Andrew H. â€Å"Irony and Fiction.† The Journal of Aestetics and Art Criticism.Vol.12. JSTOR. Web. 06 Dec. 2011.

Case Study: Holly Farms

Contextual investigation: Holly Farms Presentation So as to resuscitate benefits and spare themselves from bearing overwhelming misfortunes, Fred and Gillian Giles had opened a two purposed ranch for the overall population in 1993. Their goal-oriented objectives had given them to put access every one of their investment funds to build up offices on the ranch which would engage the voyagers. This side of the business was separated from the standard cultivating being completed which incorporated the dispersion of frozen yogurt which was fabricated behind the ranch in a little production line, a draining parlor to see the most recent innovation being utilized to drain the bovines and an extra guided voyage through the homestead. Despite the fact that the business is at present running sensibly well, the proprietors are confronting some major issues related limit imperatives and rivalry. Answers Answer 1: There is a no. of issues which Gillian Gales is looking in her side of the business. These issues incorporate the way that so as to develop the Holly Farms business, it isn't workable for the proprietors to include extra capital. They have just put away a great deal of cash and any extra capital accessible to them will be regarding a credit. In any case, the financing cost on the credit is relied upon to be over 10% which would not make it attainable since the proprietors are not hoping to gain that high an arrival on their interest so as to pay the intrigue and the chief sum. Different issues which Gillian needs to pay heed to incorporate the way that the dessert processing plant isn't working at full limit, the cooler which has an ability to hold 10,000 units is worked at 7000 units stockpiling to take into consideration stick pivot. The absence of additives utilized in the frozen yogurt would likewise be a factor in such manner where the stock needs to move out of the pr ocessing plant inside 6-12 weeks. This factor would be driving down retail deals to shops and lodgings which may be keen on amassing the frozen yogurt for their pinnacle periods (since Gillian isn't in a situation to build creation for them around then). Gillian likewise needs to conclude whether to advance mentor firms or market to families and schools for excursions to their ranch. Gillian makes reference to that on normal one out of two mentor clients gets one liter box of frozen yogurt while a four tenant vehicle purchases a similar sum. This information, however a decent beginning stage, would not take into account appropriate dynamic since information on what number of a mentor ordinarily holds. Likewise the utilization of arrived at the midpoint of information isn't prudent when settling on choices with regards to who the objective market would be for the coming year. There is likewise a requirement for additional staff by the homestead, right now the dessert fabricating utilizes ranch laborers spouses (three) and a limit of four flavor can be delivered since time is running short limitations and the set up an ideal opportunity (to change flavors). Since capital speculation is preposterous as of now, Gillian would need to recr uit more staff for dessert fabricating in the event that she intends to expand the quantity of flavors to ten, investigation and precise guaging of what amounts of flavors to create would likewise be required if the quantity of flavors is to be expanded. Market explores with respect to which flavors are being requested by the clients would likewise be required and could help wipe out the need to extend to ten flavors by and large, yet this is right now not being attempted by Gillian. The absence of limited time exercises by Gillian has seen the quantity of appearances to the homestead top at 15000 per year; this circumstance is being overlooked as Gillian is focusing more on extending the assembling side, presently she needs to adopt a progressively dynamic strategy to expanding the traffic at the ranch. The issue of ranch timings not being helpful for picnics and production line visits (20% of the clients leave before the draining procedure) and this very truth that numerous guests can't see the draining procedure is likewise one which would be driving lower dessert deals and should be investigated by Gillian. Answer 2: To expand the quantity of ranch guests by half in a solitary year is a practically unachievable objective that Gillian has set for herself. Despite the fact that it is conceivable that the number be expanded, yet going from 15000 guests to 22500 guests is definitely not a little errand which can be accomplished in the term of a solitary year. This is because of various components which, for Gillian, would be limitations in accomplishing this development target. These elements include: 1. The way that the homestead is available to guests for 7 months in a year, during the rest of the months the creatures are kept inside and the rides and so on accessible to clients are undependable because of the climate circumstance. This is a cutoff which Gillian would be not able to overcome in a solitary years time without capital speculation into building sheds and indoor offices and so forth at the Holly Farm. 2. Some other time requirement is the way that Gillian and Fred found that keeping the homestead open for more than the four days it is as of now open (Friday to Monday) isn't practical because of the low traffic during the rest of the days. Additionally the ranch laborers would not be free during the three days of the week (they would be associated with the â€Å"real† ranch work), so the best way to keep the homestead open the whole week is through recruiting additional staff which must be legitimized and attainable if Gillian had the option to affirm participation/traffic at the ranch during nowadays by means of school trips and so forth. The weekend is the pinnacle time frame for Holly Farm and it is improbable that working people would take ranch trips during work days. The business gauge for 1999 shows that Gillian has arranged is profoundly pretentious given that she still can't seem to choose how she would be expanding the quantity of clients on the ranch. Regardless of whether she wishes to get more clients through mentor firms or focus on the family and recreational explorers (who travel via vehicle). With mentor firms Gillian would probably bring to the table limits on the homestead visits to the training firms to design outings or return to her old promoting strategies of giving talks at schools and organizations and market her ranch herself. The choice on whether to draw in with training firms is unimaginable as of now in light of the fact that the quantity of travelers on each mentor has not been recognized, in this way one can't ascertain the benefits to be had from the deals of frozen yogurt and other produce alongside the confirmation charges (with or without the limits). Regardless of whether the found the middle value of figure of one- liter dessert deal per two mentor travelers is taken to be dependably exact without the quantity of potential clients getting through the mentor trips, and by means of vehicles so far as that is concerned (one liter for every four travelers), decision between the alternatives would be more disputable issue than appropriate dynamic with respect to Gillian. If we somehow happened to expect that a large portion of the clients travel via vehicle and half come by means of mentor trips than advancing mentor excursions would yield more advantages as far as dessert deals as 7400 mentor trips/2 = 3700 liters of deals 7400 vehicle voyagers/4 = 1850 liters of deals Given that 13500 liters were sold through the retail shop ($27000/$2(selling value)) this would imply that near 41% of the business gets through the clients on the ranch. A half increment in the quantity of clients on the ranch would prompt deals of $40,000 just if the quantity of clients at the homestead window likewise expanded by half which is a market not being focused by Gillian, in this manner the accompanying computation prompting a figure of $40,000 would be off base as the deals would be lower (higher from the clients on the homestead however while including the pattern based deals through the ranch window the all out deals would be lower). 148001.5=22200 clients 11100 mentor trips/2$2=$11100 11100 vehicle voyagers/4$2= $5550 $16650/0.41 = $40,610 in deals. School gatherings and excursions could be a decent strategy with respect to Gillian as they would guarantee higher number of guests and a bigger offer of frozen yogurt and different items which could be made on the ranch. Charging a lower confirmation expenses for parties and holding the providing food of the gathering would be a decent wellspring of pay for the ranch and has the capability of expanding the traffic at the homestead by opening an entirely different objective market for Holly Farms for example party setting. Gillian ought to put some time and exertion into undertaking statistical surveying into what number of schools would host gatherings or field stumbles on the ranch (before offering party bundles), additionally data on the client resistance for lining (to watch the draining procedure) would be valuable to Gillian in examining how to build the quantity of clients on the homestead supposing that the clients can't watch the draining procedure and view this as a major issue, they may search out different wellsprings of entertainment and by expanding clients in the short run, Gillian may lose clients over the long haul. Data on the genuine number of vehicle guests versus those coming through mentor excursions ought to be looked for before Gillian settles on a strategy. Answer 3: Before embraced a choice to expand the quantity of dessert flavors from 4 to 10 Gillian should weight the focal points and the impediments of this endeavor. The principal factor which Gillian needs to consider is whether a market exists for ten kinds of frozen yogurt or not, and whether it is practical for the ranch to create ten flavors. The way that capital venture isn't workable for Holly Farms implies that the extra creation would be through an expansion in the work power however the general amount of the frozen yogurt delivered would in any case be constrained to a stock degree of 7000 liters (which can be held by the cooler). This would imply that the new flavors would be presented to the detriment of the old flavors. This can be a bit of leeway if the clients of Holly Farm are looking for a couple of flavors other than those being offered (statistical surveying would be required to affirm this) and that the amount requested would take into account more noteworthy tur nover through either homestead or retail deals. Then again t

A Second Slice of Pie essays

A Second Slice of Pie papers One of the most well-known protests about free enterprise is that it is intrinsically out of line. That the activity of an excessive, free market will unavoidably prompt evildoing, and an incredible difference in results. Grumblings normally continue along the lines of - the rich get more extravagant, and the poor simply continue getting more unfortunate. In this manner, government mediation is spoke to as security against the notions and shamefulness of free market powers. Contentions against unhindered free enterprise incorporate charges of abuse of laborers, a fixation on proficiency, and the transfer of inefficient people to the financial garbage dump. This article isn't proposed to address every particular allegation, yet will recognize the incorrect, focal reason behind these second thoughts, and the ramifications of rectifying it. The defective reason held by practically all pundits of free enterprise, is the view that it is a lose-lose situation. As it were, that any addition in a free market economy must have occured at another person's cost. Unexpectedly, this misguided judgment plagues private enterprise and not other monetary frameworks, definitely on account of free enterprise's incredible achievement in riches age. It isn't difficult to perceive any reason why this is the situation. Prior to the coming of free enterprise, most by far of individuals in Europe were obligated laborers. There was no political or financial opportunity, and the majority couldn't claim land, pick their work, or react to circumstances in the commercial center. Indeed, there was no market, and most work was unpaid, with the laborers really dispatching produce to the landed privileged. In feudalist Europe, it was not merit, ability, difficult work or imagination which chose one's financial circumstance or social standing, yet simply chance - in particular into which family one was conceived. The financial opportunities which are the signs of free enterprise - being the privilege of everybody to claim property, and the option to react to the chances and states of the market rath... <!

The Six Sigma Improvement Methodology

List of chapters Discussion Measure Analyze Improve Control TRMC’s Six Sigma References Discussion The DMAIC procedure is Six Sigma strategy which is utilized to improve available or built up procedure of the activities in any association. It contains five phases and each stage can be applied in rehashed or iterative way. Each progression in these procedures is associated with each other.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on The Six Sigma Improvement Methodology explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The initial step is the meaning of the procedure and relies upon both drawing and Failure Modes Analysis. The target for this progression is a characterized procedural guide with all exercises, yields and contributions alongside Failure Modes Effects Analysis (FMEA) outline (Gygi, DeCarlo, Williams, 2005, p. 41). Measure Provided there is a characterized procedure, this stage is expected to take measurements on each phase to set up if the procedure is occurring as planned. It likewise builds up if the procedure is occurring inside the picked quality conditions. An appropriate estimation plan ought to be characterized to ensure that the estimations are not measurably tilted. The estimation step relies for the most part upon Statistical Process Control (SPC) approachs for gathering data (Shanka, 2009, p. 11). Investigate After completing the procedure measurements, a few examination gadgets can be applied to decide the disappointments and obstructions inside the procedure to accomplish the presentation conditions or where unpredicted move is making place. Improve Once the procedure has gone through investigation stage, upgrades of the procedure might be performed. These upgrades are gotten from the information and examination, and are proposed to take the procedure to meet its announced objectives. Control Once the procedure has been improved, the following stage of the philosophy focuses on consistent estimation to affirm that th e procedure proceeds to achieve its last or creation objectives. The control step is expected to ensure that the procedure doesn't turn out as corrupted.Advertising Looking for report on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If ecological conditions change, the procedure is required to be rebuilt. The graph underneath shows the procedures of Six Sigama (Shanka, 2009, p. 95): TRMC’s Six Sigma Six Sigma has been utilized by Thibodaux Regional Medical Center (TRMC) since 2002 and they changed their administration styles to adapt to operational and clinical issues (Palagyi Hamelynch, 2003). A case of a movement which is lined up with the key arrangement of the business was a proposition to diminish pressure ulcer or nosocomial. This is a case of the significant exhibition measurements demonstrating nature of care. Despite the fact that the pace of weight ulcer at the medicinal services office was ex ceptionally better than the business principles, the consistent quality improvement information distinguished an expansion between the 2004 and 2005 (Henderson, 2011, p. 6). In September 2005, a Six Sigma venture to handle this issue was actualized by the hospital’s the executives and the group began to disentangle the difficult proclamation. Their objective was to be successful and productive by settling matters coming about to the development of nosocomial weight ulcers. To guarantee that their arrangements are producing a hopeful change on the patient consideration setting, the medical clinic continually quantifies specialist and patient fulfillment through Press Ganey. Specialist fulfillment is continually evaluated in the 97th percentile and inpatient fulfillment is estimated in the 99th percentile (Henderson, 2011, p. 6). TRMC additionally have been recognized for its prosperity including grants, for example, Press Ganey Excellence Award and Louisiana Performance Excell ence Award.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on The Six Sigma Improvement Methodology explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Black Belt and the head of weight ulcer venture, Sheri Eschete, guaranteed that the undertaking is a phenomenal occasion of the need to approve central causes through use of substantial information, rather than depending on first sense as it were. Six Sigma has helped the emergency clinic with a few ways to deal with fathom some main problems so they can make suitable enhancements (Henderson, 2011, p. 6). Utilization of Six Sigma system has stretched out into a few regions past assembling. Despite different reactions of DMAIC system, it stays to create incredible effect in transit enterprises or associations meet and look after greatness. References Gygi, C., DeCarlo, N., Williams, B. (2005). Six Sigma For Dummies. Hoboken NJ: John Wiley Sons. Henderson, R. (2011). Six Sigma Quality Improvement with Minitab. West Sussex: ohn Wile y Sons. Palagyi, S., Hamelynch, A. (2003). Understanding the Value of Six Sigma. Flexibly Chain Forum , 4(1): 48-50. Shanka, R. (2009). Procedure Improvement Using Six Sigma: A Dmaic Guide. New York: ASQ Quality Press. This report on The Six Sigma Improvement Methodology was composed and put together by client Frederick Marquez to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; nonetheless, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Winfield Refuse Management, Raising Debt Versus Equity - 2475 Words

Winfield Refuse Management, Raising Debt Versus Equity (Case Study Sample) Content: Winfield Refuse Management, Inc. Case à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Raising debt versus equityIndustry Background:In the industry in which the company is operating, private administrators commonly gathered, prepared, and discarded nonhazardous business and mechanical waste. Metropolitan strong waste could be overseen by the regions themselves, however almost 80% of this was additionally outsourced to the private division. A waste administrator gathered the waste and after that handled it for recuperation burning for vitality recuperation, or transfer. The business was exceedingly divided, with a couple of national, traded on an open market player, for example, Waste Administration Inc. also, Republic Services rivaling various territorial administrators. With a couple special cases, most neighborhood and territorial waste organizations were secretly held. The waste administration business sector was becoming slower than general GDP, with the waste from an expanding populace balance by d eclining waste per-capita, because of expanded reusing and fertilizing the soil. Notwithstanding, the business more often than not produced enduring money streams.Background of the Company:The establishment of Winfield Refuse was done by Thomas Winfield in 1972, as a two-truck operation in Creve Coeur, Missouri. In the four decades since, the organization became through a mix of natural development and key acquisitions. In 2012, it served almost a half-million mechanical, business, and private clients in nine states, basically in the Midwest. Winfield's benefits included 22 landfills and 26 exchange stations and material recuperation offices, which served 33 accumulations operations. Despite the fact that the Winfield family kept a few seats on the board, outside expert administration had been gotten amid the 1980s. The present CEO, Leo Staumpe, had already dealt with the Michigan operation and served as COO before being elevated to CEO in 1997. Since its establishing, Winfield's bo ard had held fast to a steady arrangement of maintaining a strategic distance from long haul obligation. The unfaltering income produced by the business, fleeting bank credits, and the returns of the 1991 open stock offering had been adequate to meet its financing needs. Starting 2012, the capital structure comprised of normal stock, with no enthusiasm bearing obligation. The Winfield family and senior administration held 79% of the normal stock. The remaining shares were broadly conveyed and exchanged rarely in the over-the-counter market.Expansion Opportunity:In its initial years, Winfield depended basically on natural development to extend its operation. Beginning in the mid 1990s, the organization made a progression of little, "tuck-in" acquisitions. It focused on organizations that would amplify its geographic achieve while making economies of scale with its current offices. The administration group had demonstrated fruitful in the post-obtaining stage, keeping away from undue disturbance while productively incorporating new organizations into its operations. In 2010, Winfield started effectively looking for a bigger procurement focus to cement its aggressive position in the Midwest. The group had watched that real contenders, both traded on an open market and private value upheld, had turned out to be more forceful in executing a "move up," or union procedure, of littler waste administration organizations. Confronting these bigger, more effective players, it was critical for Winfield Decline to keep up an aggressive expense position on a local premise.In mid-2011, after an investigation of a few potential procurement targets, Winfield started examinations with Mott-Pliese Integrated Solutions (MPIS), a waste administration organization serving parts of Ohio, Indiana, Tennessee, and Pennsylvania. The MPIS resources were not an undeniable key fit with any other likely acquirer, yet its foot shaped impression would both enhance Winfield's expense position i n the Midwest what's more, give an introductory passage into the mid-Atlantic area. Moreover, the business was well-run, with a solid administration group that had reliably delivered 12%à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬13% working edges each year for as long as 10 years. The organization was secretly held, had for all intents and purposes no long haul obligation, and the proprietors were searching for a way out. After a few transactions, Winfield and the MPIS administration come to an introductory comprehension, settling on a procurement cost of $125 million. The Winfield administration group trusted this was a reasonable cost. MPIS likewise demonstrated that it would acknowledge up to 25% of the price tag in Winfield stock.Debt versus Equity:If we analyze these two financing options then, the benefits of debt financing is that the ownership of the existing stockholders will not get diverted. You can control you claim business and outsider does not meddle when you settle on a choice in connection to your business. You are not required to offer a substantial offer to the speculators when you make benefit. The other benefit of debt financing is that; the payment of interest would be available as deductible expenditure for tax purposes. You can figure out how to spare impressive measure of business wage from expenses, accordingly it brings down your risk. You are not required to impart benefit to your loan specialists. Ensure you pay off the owed sum on time; else you may acquire obligation. There are different drawbacks of getting cash to fund your business. In any case, the noticeable disadvantage of the obligation financing is that you may bring about obligation on the off chance that you default on your installment. It may further confuse your money related circumstance when your business experience poor monetary stage. Obligation financing is not a practical alternative for corporate organizations. Therefore, you are required to remember the advantages and also downsides when you are looking a choice to back your business.On the other hand, so far as equity financing is concern; you can utilize the financial specialist's asset to begin your business and you are not required paying back the speculators. In this way, you don't need to convey the weight of obligation as you not taking out advance to begin your business. Dissimilar to credit programs, you are not under commitment to pay back your financial specialists if your business falls flat. Consequently, you don't bring about obligation in the event that you business neglects to make benefit. A substantial bit of your benefit may go into the pockets of your speculators when you settle on value financing. The financial specialists for the most part expect an offer of the benefits in light of the fact that they are presented to higher dangers as they put resources into business. At the point when your business keeps running at a misfortune then you are not required to pay back the financial specialists. You r speculators possess an extensive offer of your business; in this way you are required to act in light of a legitimate concern for the financial specialists.Risk and Return tradeoffs for bondholders versus stockholders:Any obligation, particularly high-intrigue obligation, accompanies hazard. On the off chance that a business tackles a lot of obligation and afterward later discovers it can't make its advance installments to moneylenders, there is a decent risk that the business will fizzle under the heaviness of credit premium, however value financing dodges such dangers and has numerous advantages, yet giving others a possession stake in a business can be unsafe; the less significant a business is, the more proprietorship a speculator may request, a truth that may demonstrate unreasonable. The debt financing will provide fixed return and on the other hand and equity will provide the return based on the level of risk. There is a positive relationship between risk and return under e quity financing, if risk is high return is high and if the risk is low; the return is also low.Financing Alternatives:The different alternatives available with the company which are being emerged from the analysis of the convergence of board of directors are as under:The alternative-1 is Debt with Fixed Principal Repayments, in which the fund has been obtained for the initial period of 15 years at an annual fixed payment of interest @ 6.5% and repayment of fund shall be done $ 6.25 million per annum of the principal amount. The second alternative available with the company, in which the fund can be obtained under debt finance in which the at the same rate and period as mentioned in alternative-1, however the principal amount shall be refunded after the expiry of total period of 15 years instead of annual repayment. The required fund can be obtained by the company by issue of equity stock, in which the company is required to issue 7.5 million shares @ $ 17.75 to gather the required a mount of fund and the dividend liability under such option will be $1 per share as determined for the initial period of time. Under the fourth option the fund requirement can be fulfilled with the combined issue of debt and equity, in the ratio of 25:75 between equity and debt. All the alternatives suggested above required to be analyzed by taking into account all the possible results and present as well as future cash outlays with the selection of any of the options as discussed above.Criteria used for decision making purpose:The cost of debt finance that an organization pays on its debt. This can be measured in either before-or after-government taxes; on the other hand, on the grounds that intrigue cost is deductible, the after expense is seen frequently. The compelling rate that an organization pays on its present obligation. This can be measured in either before-or after-government forms; on the other hand, in light of the fact that intrigue cost is dedu...

Not Quite Herself Isobels Self-Imposed Limitations - Literature Essay Samples

â€Å"I thought I could make my life into a room and choose what came into it.† While influenced by others at times, one’s life is impacted the most by the choices they make and whether or not they decide to grapple the opportunities they are presented with. Amy Witting’s novel â€Å"I for Isobel† explores this idea through the protagonist Isobel, who reflects that she â€Å"thought [she] could make [her] life into a room and choose what came into it†, suggesting that she doesn’t believe she has any power over her destiny and that her fate is predetermined. It is undeniable that Isobel experiences a harrowing childhood. Her mother’s hatred is commonplace and has a devastating impact on her life, however ultimately Isobel is not beyond criticism for how her life unfolds. Isobel has multiple opportunities to lead herself in a positive direction, such as the times when she is shown kindness by others. Nevertheless by playing the victim, she only puts herself at more of a social disadvantage when trying to form and keep rela tionships. Isobel’s lack of happiness and challenge to discover herself in the novel, is due to multiple factors, including her upbringing, her faith in religion, fate and literature. Yet, ultimately it is her unwillingness to believe she has any control over her life that leaves her spiralling. Throughout Isobel’s youth, due to the unfair treatment inflicted by. May Callaghan’s incessant attacks erode her daughter’s self-esteem, making her question herself and her choices constantly and influencing her actions so as not to be a â€Å"home devil†, a â€Å"nasty little beast† or a â€Å"brazen little liar.† Isobel’s innocent story about witnessing a fireball which turned the welling storm water rosy red before her eyes, leads to â€Å"fireball [becoming] another word for lie and the rosy water [damming] up forever behind a wall of derisive laughter.† While being youthful and imaginative, young Isobel comes to accept her mothers reiterated claim that she is an inveterate liar, to the extent that even â€Å"she [accepts] herself as a helpless born liar†. Through Isobel’s joyous moment when spinning around and catching coins from the adults on her birthday, it is evident that her mother’s domination an d disapproval affects Isobel’s ability to see right from wrong. After this instance, Isobel constantly questions her actions which holds her back from the opportunities in front of her, as her mother has stripped her of childlike innocence and imagination. Furthermore, May Callaghan’s unfaltering better treatment of her eldest daughter, Margaret, compared to her poor treatment of Isobel, diminishes Isobel’s confidence and causes her to feel unloved and disliked by everyone. In addition, due to the disgust shown by her parents at the cat poem Isobel writes as a child, she denies any talent she has as a writer, as she associates writing with her parents’ criticism. Therefore this impacts Isobel’s life choices as she must realise her parents were overly judgemental, in order to embrace this talent and begin writing. Hence, the amount of control Isobel has over her life is impacted by the how she is brought up. Isobel does try to improve her circumstances by looking for a source that will give her inner peace, however as she is not resilient in character, when these sources fail to help her find this peace, she only ends up worse off than she started. The ‘state of grace’ makes Isobel feel like she has some power over her life. When she receives the yellow dress from Aunt Noelene, she evens says that â€Å"the state of grace, the peace and the security of it, meant more than any dress.† However when her mother rips her yellow dress, she strips away any control Isobel had because â€Å"it wasn’t only a dress. It was much more.† Consequently Isobel is then disadvantaged because not only has she lost the state of grace yet she also feels that she has a lack of authority over her life. Turning to fate, as the answer for the way her life is unfolding, Isobel convinces herself that she cannot control her destiny because it is fate that has this power. Moreover, t he way in which Isobel retreats to books rather than socialising with others, shows that books control her life in some ways. Books have always been there for Isobel and because in her childhood she does not receive enough support from others, she fosters this dependency on books into adulthood. However, this means she struggles keeping relationships with others because she does not develop this social ability. When Isobel â€Å"writhes†¦with pain† walking past the telephone box in which she used to â€Å"let out a stream of hatred†, by using the book as protection she â€Å"[straightens] up and [walks] towards the box, in control.† She also describes her German dictionary as a â€Å"talisman†, therefore she sees it as a symbol of good luck and protection. This shows that the control Isobel has over her life is greatly impacted by literature. When Isobel turns to religion and the Saints for direction and only becomes more lost she explains that †Å"ritual had failed her† and that it â€Å"depressed her so much,† which illustrates how when other sources do not help her, Isobel feels lost. Furthermore, Isobel’s mother was conservative and rigid and then Mrs Bowers and Mrs Prendergast’s traditionalist values make her view relationships as a â€Å"disagreeable penalty and an â€Å"enemy.† Therefore this impacts Isobel’s ability to make connections with others which is extremely important in one’s life. Initially Isobel’s life is shaped by her unfortunate childhood especially her mother’s influence yet as visible through Amy Witting’s choice of narration, Isobel plays the victim to the point that it is destructive. Isobel is overly caught up in being â€Å"one of the crowd† that she is blinded by her talent as a writer. Furthermore, her self-deprecating nature is displayed through Amy Witting’s third person limited narration which is extremely self-critical for most of the novel. This constant psychological self-abuse means Isobel does not take up opportunities when they arise and interprets much of what others say to her the wrong way. Moreover, Isobel stops writing because her parents discourage it, she stops embroidering because Miss Harman tells her that she has â€Å"vulgar bad taste† and she gives up with the state of grace after giving in and reacting to her mother’s rage. These instances show that Isobel is unable to persevere and this puts her at a disadvantage as much of her life is driven by what is said by others. In addition, the reason she cannot seem to become â€Å"one of the crowd†, is partly self-imposed as she cultivates her own social isolation and fails to acknowledge those who support her. Mrs Bowers and Mrs Prendergast offer a form of kindness she never had before, Olive gives her advice about work, Frank encourages her to become a writer, the special crowd invite her into their social group and Aunt Noelene pays for her rent and gives her life advice. Nevertheless Isobel denies all of this kindness as she feels she does not deserve it. Building walls as a child was an effective method of coping as they provided her with a sense of protection. However, consequently, as an adult who is searching for meaning these walls segregate her from others. Isobel thinks â€Å"she [carries] an invisible knife wounding people without being aware of it†, showing she does not have social awa reness. Her belief that she is hurting others through her actions, causes her to conform to other people’s expectations rather than living her life the way she wants. When Isobel leaves the special crowd because â€Å"she did not belong with them, though they had not shut her out†, yet again she demonstrates how she is responsible for her own isolation she ‘went away’ though they had not asked her to do so. It is therefore Isobel’s self-loathing nature that means while she has control over her life she does not necessarily use this control very often in order to improve her circumstances. It cannot be denied that Isobel’s childhood was affected by the poverty her family faced, perhaps setting her back further than other children who had more opportunities. Although, there are many opportunities that arise for Isobel, such as; being part of the special crowd, a job rise and being a writer, that she fails to have the confidence to take on. The amount of control Isobel has over her life is somewhat impacted by her reliance on books and her belief that fate has sole power over her future. This is because these sources prevent her from believing in her self and trusting in other people. However, despite the various factors that somewhat influence the amount of control Isobel has over her destiny, ultimately it is her inability to embrace the person she is, and the opportunities in front of her, that impacts her life the most.

Things Fall Apart And Purple Hibiscus Essay - 1374 Words

The Nigerian novels, Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, examine the intricate lives of characters and their family dynamics. Okonkwo, from Achebe’s novel, is a powerful man from the village of Umuofia, and Beatrice, from Adichie’s novel, is a submissive and abused wife. Despite Okonkwo and Beatrice both killing a family member, Okonkwo commits this act out of cowardice and fear of being viewed as weak, whereas Beatrice poisons Eugene as an act of self-defense and empowerment, contrasting the weakness she displayed through Eugene’s paralyzing abuse. Beatrice experiences years of systematic domestic abuse from her husband, Eugene, which causes her to feel powerless; whether it is her or her†¦show more content†¦Okonkwo’s father, Unoka, was viewed as a disappointment and failure: â€Å"Unoka, the grown-up, was a failure. He was poor, and his wife and children had barely enough to eat† (5 Achebe). Okonkwo feels deep shame in this perception of his father, and he makes the promise to himself not to repeat his father’s mistakes: â€Å"He was possessed by the fear of his father’s contemptible life and shameful death† (18). This â€Å"possessed† feeling Okonkwo harbors leads to him becoming obsessed with the idea of weakness. Okonkwo devotes his life to not being seen as weak; instead, he wants to be seen as a strong, successful man. Okonkwo goes far beyond his father’s legacy and becomes extremely aggressive and savage. His new uncontrollable nature causes him trouble in Umuofia, and he ends up killing his son. In Purple Hibiscus, polishing the ceramic figurines on the à ©tagerà ¨ is a way that Beatrice pacifies herself after Eugene’s violent episodes, and when Eugene breaks the therapeutic figurines, Beatrice’s submissive nature cracks with them. Throughout the novel, after Beatrice endures Eugene s abuse, she immediately will go and polish the figurines: â€Å"Mama stood hugging herself†¦Mama started at the lowest layer, polishing both the shelf and the figurines† (35 Adichie). When Beatrice returns from the hospital after Eugene punishes her and she miscarriages, she is drawn to the à ©tagerà ¨ as healing from what she sustained. WhenShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart And Purple Hibiscus Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pagescharacters in novels Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and the novel Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, are controlled by their beliefs, and irrationally act upon them. Adichie and Achebe effectively utilizes a plot events, to sim ultaneously exalt damage, created by the assertion of religious beliefs onto others. Forcing religion or personal beliefs onto others creates turmoil, as illustrated by both authors, shattering relationships or a consanguinity. Throughout Things Fall Apart, Achebe utilizesRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesvocabularies are based on the same list that Thomas uses in his Specimens of languages from Southern Nigeria (1914), in which he gives lists from 26 dialects of Igbo and closely related languages. Part V (1914) consists of Addenda to IboEnglish dictionary; apart from corrections to Part II, this volume adds a large amount of material from the Asaba dialect. In general, Thomass material is extensive, but inadequately transcribed and analysed. The CMS mission at Onitsha undertook the collection of a considerable

Why It Is Important For Work With The Child Or Young Person

Task 21. Explain why it is important to work with the child or young person to ensure they have strategies to protect themselves and make decisions about safety. Children in school gain academic and other life skills which engages them to understand various situations including knowledge about health and safety and how to protect themselves from any possible danger. Teaching staff plays vital role in making them aware about their own safety. In Early years reading variety of stories where children can relate to the book character can help them understand what can cause problem to safety or how to solve problems and where and how to seek the help. Asking questions to make think what went wrong what will you do if you are in such situations etc. helps them strategize ways to protect themselves. For e.g. after reading a story where a young girl opens the door to a tiger and the tiger finishes all the food in her house. Asking questions like who opens the door at your home? If parents are not around should you open the door? Why you should not open the door? which supports their decision making about safety. In learning setting teachers can discuss news reports, situations, facts which can inform pupil about safety and provide opportunities to debate about possible outcomes of similar situations and different strategies that individual supports. Discussions/debates are perfect to find out various possible ways to protect themselves. This also encourages them to trust theirShow MoreRelatedSafeguarding Tasks1444 Words   |  6 Pagesprofoundly important hope is the very minimum upon which every child and young person should be able to depend.Protection of Children in England ‘A progress report 12th March 2009’ | 1. 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These files with thenRead MoreMu 2.4: Contribute to Children and Young People’s Health and Safety1313 Words   |  6 PagesMU 2.4: Contribute to children and young people’s health and safety 1.3- Explain what risk assessment is and how this is managed in the work setting. A risk assessment is a health and safety procedure, which requires a member of staff or line manager to carry out an examination; on what could cause danger and create harm to anyone within the work environment. During my time at One World nursery, a staff member would carry out a risk assessment every day; within their located room also there wouldRead MoreA Brief Note On Safeguarding And Protect Children1149 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation that they have stored. It is important that this information is only used to safeguard and protect children. If a parent would like to know any of the information stored about their child they have a right to access this, as well as their own educational records. 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Where a child experiences a delay in one area, it is likely to limit theirRead MoreDevelop Positive Relationships with Children, Young People and Others Involved in their care1250 Words   |  5 PagesRelationships with Children, Young People and Others Involved in their care Level 3 Credit value 1 You need to complete all of the questions. You may find that the key word definitions sheet helps you to understand what is expected from the questions. The evidence must be your own work and you must reference your sources where you have undertaken research-refer to policy for malpractice and plagiarism Outcome 1 –Be able to develop positive relationships with children and young people This column

Essay about The Irrelevant God in Ernest Hemingways A...

The Irrelevant God in A Farewell to Arms A Farewell to Arms begins with a gods-eye-view, cinematic pan of the hills surrounding Gorizia-the camera of our minds eye, racing forward through time, sweeps up and down the landscape, catching isolated events of the first year in the town as it goes. The film ultimately slows to a crawl, passing through the window of a whorehouse to meet the eyes of Frederic Henry watching the snow falling. As we attach ourselves to Frederic Henrys perspective we turn (as he turns) back to the conversation at hand, a theological debate between the priest and Lieutenant Rinaldi. This debate, its dialectic made flesh in these two polar opposites, is a central question of A Farewell to Arms: What is†¦show more content†¦Rinaldi, however, wants him to go to centers of culture and civilization, where he will have fine girls (8). This discussion further frames the debate between Rinaldi and the priest in a mental landscape dominated by two opposing images: the naturalistic landscape of the prie sts Abruzzi and the human-filled, civilized cityscape of Rinaldi. When he returns from leave in the next chapter he is extremely apologetic to the priest, repeatedly insisting in his drunkenness I had wanted to go to the Abruzzi, but one thing had led to another and he never made it there (13). A part of Henry wants to go to the Abruzzi, but something-a undeniable desire for a pleasurable life, perhaps-prevents him. Chapter Three ends with a statement of the priests uselessness in the face of the wars horror: He cant do anything about it anyway (14). This statement of the priests lack of agency in the face of the real world is echoed in the next chapter, which concerns Henrys first meeting with Catherine Barkley. The closeness of these two incidents suggests a necessary comparison between the priests lofty idealism and Rinaldis secular realism, here symbolized by the latters pursuit of women. It is interesting that Rinaldi is first interested in Miss Barkley; Henrys pursuit seems to happen therefore almost in emulation of Rinaldi, taking on the character of a revolt against religion. Here, as previously with the Abruzzi, Henry chooses Rinaldi over the

Adolf Hitler Essay example - 1614 Words

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was one of the worst dictators that the world has ever seen. Some people called him the devil, because of what he did to the Jews during WWII. Hitler was a dictator that ordered the execution of millions of Jews and other people, during his reign of Nazi Germany. As a teenager Hitler served in WWI and years later was thrown in jail, where he wrote his book Mien Kampf. Hitler soon became the dictator of Germany and started WWII. At the age of twenty five, Hitler enlisted in the German army. Some say that this was the beginning of Hitler’s reign. He volunteered to be a soldier in WWI, and in his first battle about 3000 of his regiment were killed (Spielvogel 97). Hitler was lucky during the war,†¦show more content†¦Throughout the book Hitler refers to Jews as parasites, liars, dirty, maggot, repulsive, and the mortal enemy of Aryan humanity. When the book was originally released it was not a big hit, but after Hitler become Chancellor of Germany, millions of copies were sold. In 1929 Hitler and the Nazi party came to power by the vote of ordinary people. Because of stock market crash in 1929 the message of the Nazi party appealed to Germans more than ever. The Nazi propaganda was very easy to accept by offering hope, and its provision of a scapegoat, the Jews, and Communists. Although Hitler lost to Hindenburg he became a much more popular as a result and the Nazis came to hold more than one third of the seats in the parliament. Hindenburg disliked Hitler, but he advised that Hitler could be kept under control, so he named him chancellor. Once Hitler had a position of power he used the Nazi majority he declared a national state of emergency. Germany soon became a one party police state as all non-Nazis were forced out of office and freedoms were taken away. All opposing parties were banned and their leaders were jailed. 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Implications Of The Process For Registered Nurse †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Implications Of The Process For Registered Nurse. Answer: Older people have all the right to be treated with respect and dignity whether they are being cared for in home or aged care setting. However, elderly people living in residential setting are often vulnerable to risk for abuse and neglect. The elderly abuse may be seen in different forms such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, abandonment, passive neglect and exploitation and perpetrators of abuse may be either family members, health care or assisted living staffs and children. Health care workers may come in contact with elderly people who may disclose them about harm or experiences of abuse and in such case it would be necessary for the health care staffs to report about the issue in a legal and professional manner (Lachs and Pillemer 2015). This essay particularly discusses the legal and professional reporting that occurs post the disclosure of abuse or harm by elderly people. It also discusses the implications of the process for registered nurse and the delivery of nursing care. There are difference explanations for abuse in elderly people. It may take various forms such as physical, social, sexual, psychological abuse and neglect. For instance, physical abuse is inflicted by hitting, pushing or striking elderly people with any object. Secondly, elderly people are also vulnerable to psychosocial or verbal abuse where intention pain or distress is given to people in the form of humiliation or intimidation through verbal or non-verbal acts. In addition, the neglect of older person is seen when a care giver fail to carry out all obligations related to care of older person and come in the way of well-being of the person (Bond and Butler 2013). Hence, it can be said that elder abuse is multifaceted and a major public health issues and it has become paramount for health care worker to report about such issues to adults protective service. As nurses spend maximum time with elderly people, the compulsory reporting document by the Australian Nursing Midwifery Federa tion (ANMF) gave the position statement for nurse and assistants in nursing to compulsory report about abuse in age care setting (ANMF Position Statement 2017). According the Aged Care Act 2007, compulsory reporting is necessary in case of unlawful sexual contact and unreasonable use of force in elderly people living in age care home. Compulsory reporting is the response that nurses must take on identification of abuse in elderly people and the key action is taken in accordance with the organization policies and protocol present at particular aged care setting or nursing home. Another legal obligation is to make the person report about alleged abuse so that adequate investigation and action is taken to protect individuals. Another key responsibility of the reporting person is to ensure that the person is not victimized due to the reporting process (ANMF Position Statement 2017). Ensuring this is important because elderly abuse is always associated with psychological distress, hence it warrants more attention be given to affected person as the negative experience lead to depression, anxiety and loneliness (Dong 2015). The key implication of i dentifying and reporting about abuse in elderly person is that it will lead to improvement in education for health care professionals. This enable them to understand all the cultural and psychological nuance associated with abuse and improve the quality of care delivered to elderly people (Dong et al. 2013). There is no comprehensive legislation for adult prptection in Australia, however the Aged Care Act 1997 gives a framework for provision of elderly care. The requirement for health care staffs regarding the reporting about abuse in elderly people also given by the National Legal Response report of the Australian Law Reform Commission. To protect the elderly people, it mandates that care gives or other support staffs should be encourages to report about abuse to adult safeguarding agencies (Reporting abuse | ALRC 2017). However, as people disclosing about elder abuse resist doing so because of fear of breaching confidentiality laws or fear of reprisals from employers, the Public Guardian Act 2014 gives the mandates that head of an organization should be responsible for protecting whistleblower and ensure that they are not subjected to adverse consequences (Falk and Hoffman 2014). For health professionals like nurses and others staffs who have come to know about elder abuse in particular patient, they have variety of ways to report about the abuse. As per the mandatory reporting law, they can report about abuse to Adult Protective Services. There are also different protocols present in residential care centre or geriatric facility for report about abuse. However, the care giver or other professional must be aware about reporting elder abuse in a safe and efficient manner (Queensland Government 2017). Following is the stepwise procedure used to safely report about elder abuse: Documenting the signs when suspecting abuse: To report about abuse situations professionally, it is necessary that the reporting person must keep all documents to prove abuse in affected person. For this, proper assessment of the elderly person is required. For instance, they need to consider cognitive capacity, health and functional status of the person. Secondly, they need to preserve signs of abuse by taking photographs of injuries in patients. Changes in behavior of older adults might also be an indication of abuse cases (Rankine 2017). The most important and crucial think is getting written statement of patient related to experience of abuse as this legally important to prove suspicions and start legal actions against the perpetrator quickly (Piel 2015). In addition, identifying the type of relationship between the abuser and older adult to understand whether the client wish to protect the person or retain the relationship. On the basis of this information, safe and effective reporting process can be planned. Responding to elder abuse: The caregivers act of responding to abuse may differ by analyzing whether the situation is an emergency or not. If the situation is an emergency which may cause life threat to the person, the staff need to initiate emergency service without delay. In this situation, the main focus should be on protecting the evidence and not asking too much question from client. After taking adequate emergency action for patient, it will be necessary to debrief and document about incident in accordance with the agency protocol and policies (Rankine 2017). If there is no emergency situation during the identification of abuse, one necessary step by the health care staff will be to assess whether the client has capacity or impaired capacity. According to the Guardianship and Administration Act 2000, the capacity of the person is determined by checking the capability of the person for understanding effect of decision, voluntary decisions and communicating decisions (Barry and Sage-Jacobson 2015). Hence, if the client lacks capacity, then psychogeriatric assessment is required and after consultation with the Office of the Public Advocate, appropriate actions regarding safeguarding client may be taken (Cohen 2016). If there is serious issues, the caregiver can also propose shifting the client to alterative care unit. If a person has capacity, then counseling support may be given to them. They can also contact the Aged Rights Advocacy Service (ARAS) to discuss possible actions needed to address abuse in elderly adult (Rankine 2017). Taking decision regarding consent or no consent of client: It will be necessary for staff to document clients consent or no consent to contact police and take legal actions against the perpetrator of abuse. From a legal perspective, taking consent regarding appropriate action is necessary in accordance with peoples right to self-determination. In times emergency, the reporting person gets the liberty to contact police without clients consent, however in other situation taking consent is crucial for maintain good relationship with client (Falk and Hoffman 2014). There is a need to balance the organizational duty of care and clients right to self determinant to avoid conflicting situations. In case of no content situation, it is necessary to follow agency protocol and stay away from reporting process (Hoover and Polson 2014). However, duty of care needs to be implemented such as determining the possible intervention to protect the elderly people. Choices in abuse response: Based on the clients capacity and consent parameters, if it is confirmed that reporting and taking legal actions is necessary, there can be two options for client. Firstly, the reporting person may inform the client about the option of civil intervention or criminal intervention. In case of civil intervention, the case may be brought into the court and in case of criminal intervention, the police can intervene to take actions against the abuser and protect the person (Rankine 2017). Based on the severity of abuse, different actions can be imposed on the abuser. For instance, a protection order may be given by which conditions will be set against the action of the abuser. If the abuser is a close relative of elderly client, then the formal strategy will be to avoid reliance on the person for support and shifting the person to private aged care service. Informal support options may include encouraging client to take part in community activities to overcome the shock of abuse (Du Mont e t al. 2015). The process of responding and reporting about elder abuse cases also has many important implications for registered nurse. This is also comprehensively mandated in the compulsory reporting document for abuse in aged care setting. In the context of responding to elder abuse, registered nurse act as the frontline health care staffs for assessment of signs of abuse in elder people and providing preventive care and interventions to them. At the stage of documenting about abuse, they play a critical role in interview with patients and finding signs of unexplained injuries (Corbi et al. 2015). Secondly, after all the legal procedures related to reporting and documenting about abuse had been done, the nurse plays a role in empowerment of patients and addressing signs of depression in patient. Some elderly client experience social isolation due to abuse. In such situations, registered nurse acts as the main source for emotional support by speaking with them and counseling them. They also pla y a role in referring them to community related activities where they get the chance to interact in fun filled activities and removed the emotional scarring that has occurred due to experience of elder abuse (Friedman et al. 2015). As part of the duty of care and professional responsibility in nursing practices, nurses plays a major role in addressing health and psychological issues related to abuse in elderly people. They must have the skills of surveillance and constantly monitoring patients to ensure their safety. This is particularly important in case of aggressive patients. As there is high incidence of elderly maltreatment in long-term care facilities, the role of nurse in delivering safe care becomes necessary in such situation. The research by Rosen et al, (2016) states that continued illness in elderly people often leads to negative verbal and physical interaction and this becomes the reason for physical or psychological distress in elderly people. In an attempt to minimize maltreatment in long-term care facility, the nurses physical intervene to separate residents, calm the resident and emotionally supporting them to overcome the situation. However, there is still lack of competency in nursing staff r egarding the way to recognize, prevent and address elder abuse. Hence, this paper give the implication that nursing students must be better trained in identify signs and symptoms of elder abuse, finding legal and professional document for reporting about suspected abuse and neglect, improving communication skills related to talking with elder abuse victims and referring people to relevant community support group. The essay brought into the attention the need to protect the dignity of elderly people by means of legal and professional compulsion given to health care professional to mandatorily report about such case. The process employed by health care staffs to report about abuse gives the indication that different reporting protocols exist in organization and the reporting must comply with them while reporting about abuse. Secondly, safe and efficient reporting is dependent on proper documentation process and assessment of signs related to abuse. As the registered nurse plays a key role in promoting recovery of elder abuse patients, it is critical to increase their knowledge and awareness regarding preventing elder abuse. References ANMF Position Statement 2017.Compulsory reporting of abuse in aged care settings for nurses and assistants in nursing. [online] Available at: https://anf.org.au/documents/policies/PS_Compulsory_reporting.pdf [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017]. Barry, L. and Sage-Jacobson, S., 2015. Human Rights, Older People and Decision Making in Australia. Bond, M.C. and Butler, K.H., 2013. Elder abuse and neglect: definitions, epidemiology, and approaches to emergency department screening.Clinics in geriatric medicine,29(1), pp.257-273. Cohen, C., 2016. 4.5 Psychosocial Aspects of Care in Geriatric Psychiatry.Geriatric Psychiatry Review and Exam Preparation Guide: A Case-Based Approach, p.364. Corbi, G., Grattagliano, I., Ivshina, E., Ferrara, N., Cipriano, A.S. and Campobasso, C.P., 2015. Elderly abuse: risk factors and nursing role.Internal and emergency medicine,10(3), pp.297-303. Dong, X., Chen, R., Chang, E.S. and Simon, M., 2013. Elder abuse and psychological well-being: A systematic review and implications for research and policy-A mini review.Gerontology,59(2), pp.132-142. Dong, X.Q., 2015. Elder abuse: systematic review and implications for practice.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,63(6), pp.1214-1238. Du Mont, J., Macdonald, S., Kosa, D., Elliot, S., Spencer, C. and Yaffe, M., 2015. Development of a comprehensive hospital-based elder abuse intervention: an initial systematic scoping review.PloS one,10(5), p.e0125105. Falk, E. and Hoffman, N., 2014. The role of capacity assessments in elder abuse investigations and guardianships.Clinics in geriatric medicine,30(4), pp.851-868. Falk, E. and Hoffman, N., 2014. The role of capacity assessments in elder abuse investigations and guardianships.Clinics in geriatric medicine,30(4), pp.851-868. Friedman, B., Santos, E.J., Liebel, D.V., Russ, A.J. and Conwell, Y., 2015. Longitudinal prevalence and correlates of elder mistreatment among older adults receiving home visiting nursing.Journal of elder abuse neglect,27(1), pp.34-64. Hoover, R.M. and Polson, M., 2014. Detecting elder abuse and neglect: assessment and intervention.American family physician,89(6). Lachs, M.S. and Pillemer, K.A., 2015. Elder abuse.New England Journal of Medicine,373(20), pp.1947-1956. Piel, J., 2015. Expanding Slayer Statutes to Elder Abuse.Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online,43(3), pp.369-376. Queensland Government (2017).A Guide for Elder Abuse Protocols. [online] Available at: https://www.eapu.com.au/uploads/EAPU_general_resources/EA_Protocols_FEB_2012-EAPU.pdf [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017]. Rankine, J. 2017.Protocol For Responding To Abuse Of Older People Living At Home In The Community. [online] Available at: https://www.sa.agedrights.asn.au/files/49_1095_aras_abuseprotocols_final3.pdf [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017]. Reporting abuse | ALRC. 2017 Alrc.gov.au. [online] Available at: https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/reporting-abuse [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017]. Rosen, T., Lachs, M.S., Teresi, J., Eimicke, J., Van Haitsma, K. and Pillemer, K., 2016. Staff-reported strategies for prevention and management of resident-to-resident elder mistreatment in long-term care facilities.Journal of elder abuse neglect,28(1), pp.1-13.

Authentic Literacy Activities for Developing Comprehension and Writing free essay sample

The article describes a two-year study that involved 26-second grade and third grade teachers and their students from school districts serving families of low and middle socioeconomic status. The purpose of the study was to develop students’ ability to understand and write informational and procedural text. The study found that teachers who included authentic literacy activities more of the time had students who showed higher growth in both comprehension and writing. Critique This article provides teachers with evidence from research that states that more authentic literacy activities are related to greater growth in the ability to read and write new genres. The article offers an operational definition of authentic literacy that helps teachers create authentic literacy activities across the curriculum. Also provided are ideas and strategies collected from teachers for teachers to bring authentic reading and writing into the classroom. To assist teachers in creating authentic learning opportunities for students there is an authenticity rating sheet provided that uses a 3-point scale to rate the degree to which the reason of an informational text being written or read in the classroom reflect the actual purpose of an informational text. We will write a custom essay sample on Authentic Literacy Activities for Developing Comprehension and Writing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the greatest contributions is the various easy to do lessons provided for authentic reading and writing created to implement authentic activities in the classroom. The article falls short in that it doesn’t provide samples of students work to show how successful authentic activities were in increasing students comprehension and writing skills. Students voices, opinions were not heard. Were they stressed out about the activities? Were they excited about doing the activities? Did they prefer this type of activity? Though the article mentioned the teacher’s thoughts on student’s performance it did not list the students. I still don’t know if students felt these learning experiences increased their comprehension and writing skills. The authors could provide examples of students work and also provide statements from the students and teachers involved in the study. This will be evidence that the research even occurred. Also the authors could provide some sort of chart with a comparison of students writing and reading comprehension skills before and after they entered the study. This will provide documented evidence that authentic activities build comprehension and writing skills. Research Pedagogical Implications This article helps me to think about the importance of providing opportunities for students to experience authenticity in their learning experiences. After reading this article I am convinced that there is a need for more research to be done on young children that provides teachers with more information about authentic reading and writing opportunities in the classroom. Research in the field is mostly done with adults leaving teachers with information that may not be accurate for a younger audience. A great idea I will incorporate into my work is getting colleagues to request artifacts produced by my students. This will make their learning experience highly authentic in that they will be producing text that will be used outside of the classroom and may help in others learning. For example one of the third grade teachers asked a colleague to come to her class and ask her students to create informational texts about animals that live in the rain forest for her first grade students. This experience provides my students and her students an opportunity to learn. The strategies provided in this article for authentic activities in science I will use across the curriculum. For example I can have a teacher ask my students to create Haiku poems for her to use to help her students with poetry. Maybe have the gym teacher ask students to create a nutrition pyramid to help her teach health education. In my research report I will provide evidence of children’s growth by showing their progress on before and after charts. I will provide samples of children’s work as evidence that the lessons and strategies provided really work to improve students writing. It would be important for me to know if students themselves felt they were motivated by the lesson. Also did students feel they learned from the activity.

Great Gatsby Wt2 Essay Example

Great Gatsby Wt2 Essay Question: How and why is a social group represented in a particular way? The Great Gatsby presents different social groups to embody and transmit the idea that each class has it’s own problems to prevail over and unhappiness transcends over all the social classes. The problems in each group, despite the social stratification, reveal the instability of the world they live in. The three classes are old money, new money, and no money in which all three believe their own rules of survival in society and enforce boundaries between social classes. Fitzgerald uses the similarities between the poor and the rich to reinforce his opinion and his characterization of the upper class. The new rich represented by West Egg have newly accumulated wealth and lack any connections which they make up with lavish displays. They lack social grace and taste evidently seen in Gatsby’s flamboyant mansion and pink suit compared to the Buchanan’s home and Daisy’s white flowing dress. The lack of social connections is evident when Gatsby does not take hint of the subtle signal of the hypocrisy in the Sloane invitation to eat. Since the new rich have only recently acquired their wealth and once belonged to the lower class they are seen as antithesis of the old rich. Even though Gatsby who represents the new rich and has ties to criminal activity as the source of his wealth he still manages to have a heart filled with love and be characterized by loyalty. These qualities eventually lead to his downfall as he takes the blame for Daisy regarding Myrtle’s murder. We will write a custom essay sample on Great Gatsby Wt2 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Great Gatsby Wt2 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Great Gatsby Wt2 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The â€Å"old money† class represented geographically by East Egg is characterized by their accumulation of wealth before the 19th century, influential and important social connections, and a propensity to conceal their money and dominance behind a veil of courteousness. They scorn the new post war, wealthy industrialists that surge in the booming economy of the 1920’s. The Buchanans and Jordan Baker are the ones that impose divisions in the upper class based on how and when they acquired their fortunes. Since they were born into money they do not work and rarely do they ever speak about business instead they entertain themselves with whatever pleases them. The old rich lack the ability to see the essence of others and themselves due to their superficiality and judgmental attitudes. They scorn the new rich because they do not have the elegance and subtlety that the old rich possesses. However what the old rich lack is heart. They are inconsiderate people who use their money to replace emotions and avoid the guilt of hurting other people. The Buchanan’s show this when they buy a bigger house far away and purposely miss Gatsby’s funeral. Their money allows them to remove themselves physically and emotionally from the tragedy they just witnessed. Fitzgerald uses the no money class to make a strong statement as well. Nick although he doesn’t have money proves himself to be an honorable man. Almost immediately social discomfort is characterized by the Buchanan marriage however the affairs and actions of the old rich eventually lead to similarities between the wealthy and the poor. George and Myrtle’s interaction with the wealthy serve as a reinforcement for Fitzgerald’s social commentary on the rich. Myrtle is like Tom and she displays the same qualities that he does. She tries to exert a sort of superiority with her husband just as Tom does with people who he considers inferior to him. Myrtle’s actions cause the rich’s behavior to be seen as absurd and ridiculous by the reader. Her ambition and desire to have the lifestyle she wants leads her to cheat on her husband. Even though she desires to enjoy social experiences, like the Buchanans, in her lavish apartment the drunken incident of her broken nose compared to the calm dinner at the Buchanan’s serves as evidence that she is nowhere near the world that the Buchanans live in. On the other hand, George Wilson serves to contrast the submissive nature of the poor to the dominance of the rich and to sharpen the cruelty of the rich presented in the novel. George cannot stand up to Tom when Tom threatens not to sell him the car because he needs the work. This goes further on to demonstrate the cruel and dominant economic influence of the rich on the poor. Unhappiness is seen in the cold empty world of the Buchanans who hide behind their money to erase all physical and emotional troubles, in the futile pursuit of Gatsby’s reinvention of the past, and in the inescapable poverty of the Wilson’s in the Valley of Ashes. In a sense the struggle between the upper class represents the struggle between Tom and Gatsby for Daisy. Undeniably, wealth and social status are needed in order to enjoy the almost unrealistic social circle of the rich as evidenced by Gatsby’s and Myrtles attempts to incorporate themselves into those roles.

How to Write Essays And Improve Your College English

How to Write Essays And Improve Your College EnglishIf you want to write a synthesized essay sample and improve your college English, then this is something that you should look into. The best way to improve a college essay sample is to write one yourself. This will allow you to see what the other person is writing and the advantages that you can use from knowing the writer's style. Most people who write samples often have a difficult time with this because they do not know how to write essays and therefore they feel as if they cannot write an essay.The benefit of writing your own essay is that you will get the benefits of knowing the writer's style and the structure. You will be able to see how many writers do things differently. And when you have these differences, it can make you look good or make you look bad in the eyes of the other student. Most people just do not understand how important this can be.What you will learn is that if you want to come out as a winner in this compet ition, you need to copy the original essay. You need to look at how it is written and even improve upon it by writing something similar but not exactly the same. This means that you will be able to get better grades and that will help you get a higher grade as well.When you write a good essay, it can be seen as real writing, just with more words. However, if you copy an essay or sample, you will notice that this also improves your skills. If you want to increase your skills, then you need to write. There are many tips for writing good essay samples but you do not want to overcomplicate your task because doing so may cost you a good grade in school.In order to improve your college English and your writing skills, you will need to keep track of your past essays. You can do this by writing them down and keeping them on a file so that you can look at them anytime you want. Writing a simple journal is the easiest way to do this but you do not want to put too much thought into this becaus e it can take up so much time.In today's world, it does not matter how old you are, you can succeed in life. This can come from any place you go and there are many people who have succeeded and are very successful. Even if you do not seem to have anything going for you, there are many people who have succeeded through hard work and many people are born winners. It does not matter what race, religion, color, creed, gender, or nationality you are, if you are willing to work hard and do the right things, you can find success.The benefits of writing an essay include being able to write a short essay and take notes about the experience of the writer. You can make this more interesting by adding humor, stories, and quotes from the writer. All of these can be used to improve your overall writing skills.Do not let your writing skills fall behind. You need to know how to write well in order to succeed in life. Keep track of your essay samples and your other writings. You will find that this can really help you to become a writer.

Research Paper on Durkheim

Research Paper on Durkheim Emile Durkheim was to become one of the most influential writers in regard to the subject of suicide and its link to the state of our modern society. For centuries before his writing, suicide was regarded as a moral and psychological problem that was caused by differences inherent to the individual. Durkheim’s work was the first to imply that the study of suicide could not be based on individuals and it was crucial to create a sociological approach regarding the external causes of society itself. His work, although receiving a great deal of criticism, has provoked a change in such studies ever since, with many sociologists using an interpretation of Durkheim’s theories as the basis of their own studies. In order to display that the crisis in our society was caused by factors external to the individuals, Durkheim systematically analysed each alternative possibility, all of which he eventually ruled out as a possible cause. He defined these alternatives as â€Å"organic-psychic dispositions and the nature of the physical environment† (Durkheim,E 1989). In studying the former of these, Durkheim wished to determine whether there existed an inclination among certain individuals towards suicide and he began by analysing the components of insanity. It was assumed by a number of theorists known as alienists that every suicide was committed by a person inflicted by insanity and that, according to Bourdin, suicide is simply a disease and special form of insanity. (Durkheim,E 1989) Durkheim continues this line of thought in order to discover what exactly is meant by such an insanity of suicide. He proposes that if suicide were to be a type of insanity then it would therefore be known as a ‘monomania’; a delirium of localised nature. It was believed that this monomania would be provoked by a violent emotional disturbance, which appears to link with the idea that suicides are usually â€Å"influenced by some abnormal passion† (Durkheim, E 1989). However, Durkheim finds fault with this theory, as he is unsatisfied of proof of existence of monomanias. He claims that although it cannot be proved that they do not exist, any type of observations that they do exist has never conclusively shown it. Furthermore, it has long since been believed that the idea of completely separate mental functions is false and that they are so completely interdependent that insanity, upon attacking one area, would without doubt affect every aspect of mental behaviour. It therefore appears that no suicidal monomania can exist and suicide cannot be â€Å"a distinct form of insanity†. Durkheim then continues to inspect the possibility that, although suicide is not a specific form of insanity, it may be a recurring event connected with all insanities. In order to do this four categories of suicide were created including maniacal, melancholy, obsessive and impulsive suicide. The first of these describes suicide linked to sudden hallucinations, demonstrated by suicide attempts which cannot be recalled by the person in the case of a survival and when the person no longer wishes to cause harm to themselves immediately after the attempt. The second form is associated with a severely depressive state resulting in despair of life, while the third varies in that it is entirely unmotivated but just as dominant as a suicide of melancholy reasons. Finally, impulsive suicide is equally as unmotivated; however, it does not consume the person’s mind. Instead it is characterised by a sudden and forceful urge. These definitions of suicide show that a number of different typ es exist, some of which result from hallucinations, and others, which are the product of real perceptions. This further shows that not all types of suicide can be linked to insanity that can therefore not be identified as a cause of suicide. Durkheim also shows that if mental disorders were the sole cause of suicide, then social conditions should have no effect on statistics. He displays that between 1858 and 1891 there were, without exception, more women than men in insane asylums. Therefore, if insanity was the cause of suicide, more women should commit suicide than men. This is clearly shown to be far from fact as â€Å"suicide is a largely male phenomenon†. (Durkheim, E 1989) Durkheim continues this point to show that, in fact, the correlation between insanity and suicide in different social conditions such as religions and age is actually non-existent and locations with the highest rates of insanity often have the lowest rates of suicide. Durkheim then examines alcoholism as a possible cause as it is a condition linked to many other social and moral problems. However, this seems unlikely, as alcoholism is most common among the lower classes where suicide is connected to the opposite. Also, using the example of France, it appears that not only alcoholism but also all diseases and crimes connected to it are of completely different locations on the country’s map to those of suicides. This therefore concludes, for Durkheim, â€Å"no psychopathic state bears an indisputable relation to suicide†. (Durkheim, E 1989) The next stage in Durkheim’s analysis regards those psychological states considered to be normal rather than those previously discussed. He begins with the concept of race for which he reluctantly uses the definition of Morselli in order to allow analysis of the concept, despite his warning of the difficulty of sociologically defining race. The four groups defined by Morselli were placed in descending order according to the number of suicides per group. Therefore the Germanic people were discovered to have the highest suicide rate, and then the Celto-Romans and the Slavs were identified to have the lowest rate (The fourth group were regarded as too small to assess). (Durkheim, E 1989) Despite this, it was noted that great differences actually existed within these categories and all people among them were not of uniform tendency towards suicide. It was then thought that perhaps the idea of nationality would be a more suitable category than that of race. However, in order to acc urately study this it is crucial to study an environment of mixed ethnic origins so that the cause may not simply be a distinct nature of a specific civilisation. This displayed that in many countries, the suicide rate was greater when there was a lower German influence, despite the fact that they were the nationality thought most likely to commit suicide. It therefore appears that a certain nationality such as the Germans does not commit suicide due to something inherent in their ‘race’ but rather as a result of the environment in which they live. It must also be considered that suicide could be inherited among families. Records show that suicides tend to recur in generations of the one family in alarming numbers. However, Durkheim points out that investigations of such situations have usually involved families touched by insanity as so it may therefore be due to the transmission of insanity, of which suicide is a â€Å"frequent but accidental symptom† rather than suicide itself. (Durkheim, E 1989). Also, suicides among families are often the result of the inclination towards reproducing the act of a loved one, demonstrated by the identical method frequently applied among families and groups. Finally, Durkheim states that if suicide were hereditary, this would not account for the difference in suicide rates between opposite sexes. Another factor which is often claimed to provoke suicide is what Durkheim called the â€Å"cosmos factors† which are alterations in climate and season. The suggestion of climate can immediately be ruled out as it can be clearly shown from the distribution of suicides across the globe, that high suicide rates can occur in all climates and countries such as Italy, who’s climate has not altered, though they have witnessed great changes in their suicide rates. Durkheim does, however, seems to accept that attributing suicide rates to changes in season should be given some credit. Despite common assumptions, suicides are found by statistics to be more common among the warmer months of March to August, without exception in any country. (Durkheim, E 1989) Morselli’s studies showed that, even more specifically, more suicides where found to occur in the summer. However, the conclusions drawn from this data varied among theorists. Morselli concluded that temperature was therefore positively correlated to suicide and this was due to greater levels of energy. Durkheim disputes this, reasoning that the different examples of suicide show that it can result from situations opposite to those of increased energy. He alternatively believed that the correlation is due to increase in daylight in the summer. More suicides are actually known to be committed in the daylight which, according to Durkheim, is because â€Å"this is the time of most active existence,†¦, when social life is most intense† (Durkheim, E 1989). Also, the variation in suicide rates throughout the year are more pronounced in rural areas than urban which Durkheim attributes to the higher alternations in levels of production, and therefore human relations, in rural areas, which are obviously much higher in summer months. Therefore, although Durkheim is accepting a cosmic factor as a possible cause for suicide, it is because he links this cause to societal changes and collective life. The final factor left for Durkheim to assess is that of imitation. Imitation, by definition, is the transfer of an act from one person to another without the requirement for any form of bond between the persons involved. It can therefore only be an individual act which would, if connected to the suicide rate, imply a pathological cause of suicide rather than societal. Durkheim rejects this idea, however, claiming that if imitation or contagion were to be the cause of suicide, there would be central geographical points, which had the highest suicide rates, and suicides would gradually diminish in a concentric pattern around them. However, in studying the statistics, this can clearly be shown to be incorrect, as many areas of low suicide rates can exist next to areas of the highest rates. Durkheim was therefore able to conclude that the cause of suicide was not inherent to the individual and must therefore be caused by the external, in other words, the society. Durkheim believed that society affected the individual in two ways; firstly by integration and creating â€Å"purposes and ideals† and secondly by â€Å"moderating their desires and aspirations† which had the potential to be infinite. Drawing from this, he divided suicide into a number of social categories. Firstly, Egoistic suicide was the result of insufficient integration into society and therefore the pursuit of individualism. Durkheim regarded religion as a major factor in this situation. Catholicism provides its society with a strict and invariable set of traditions that are set in place by a â€Å"hierarchical system of authority†. Durkheim associates this strict religion with the low suicide rate that exists among Catholics. He contrasts this with the protestant religion that is open to far greater interpretation and promotes a greater individual freedom. This highlights the basis of egoism, as the individual is without satisfactory inclusion into collective life. The suicide rate of Protestants is much higher which Durkheim believes is the result of this. The exception to this is in England; however, the protestant church here is the only to have a hierarchy and is therefore most similar to Catholicism. Furthermore, the Jewish society are subject to even stricter traditi onal beliefs which is reflected in their even lower suicide rates. The taste of individualism and â€Å"free enquiry† created by Protestantism is necessarily linked with the desire for learning and knowledge as â€Å"knowledge is free thoughts only means of achieving its purposes†. (Durkheim, E 1989). Durkheim believes that Protestants should therefore have a higher desire to learn and that this desire should correlate with the suicide rate. Protestants in general are better educated than Catholics. To further emphasise this, Protestant countries can be compared with each other which shows that the higher the quality of education (based on low illiteracy rates), the higher the suicide rate. This also correlates with the fact of men committing more suicides than women, as, worldwide; women are generally less educated than men. Durkheim also believes that the moderating effects upon suicide of consistency and collective practices can also be related to the family. It was believed by many that marriage and family actually increase the inclination to suicide. However, this opinion is found to be based on poor information. If the statistics only include those of marrying age and categorise these people into specific age group, it can then be seen that marriage actually decreases suicide attempts. This can be due to a number of factors. Firstly, the domestic environment and the collectivity of family life may reduce the tendency to suicide. Also, those who do not get married may be more likely to commit suicide due to their position in society through lack of marriage. It cannot, however, be described as something which is inherent in the type of people to marry as the act of marriage is clearly open to everyone and although the insane are perhaps excluded, they do not account for a big enough proportion to alt er the statistics. Finally, with regard to egoistic suicide, Durkheim links suicide rates to political struggle and upheaval. Despite political upheaval often being regarded as a cause of rising suicide rates, Durkheim notes that it may, in fact have the opposite effect and that the statistics will show this. To rule out the possibility that this may be caused simply to poor administration of deaths during wartime, Durkheim claims that this would only apply to men who die while partaking in the army. However, this does not account for the reduction in suicides of women that can be noted in many incidents. The conclusion therefore drawn from this is therefore that the suicide rate reduces in times of social or political upheaval as action is concentrated â€Å"towards a single end† creating a â€Å"stronger of integration of society† (Taylor, S 1989) Durkheim therefore provided a strong argument of how â€Å"suicide varies inversely with the degree of social integration of the social grou ps of which the individual forms part† (Taylor, S 1989. Durkheim then progresses to his second category, known as altruistic suicide, which he claims is the result of excessive social integration†. If a man is to become extremely involved with the ‘collective society’, he is likely to forget the importance of the self and will value his life very little in comparison to the common good of society. Durkheim uses many examples to show the existence of this in ancient societies, such as wives and servants feeling compelled to commit suicide on the death of their husbands and masters. Furthermore, in ancient Greece, men would rather end their own lives that live in illness or old age and this act of suicide would actually be rewarded by their society by a funeral of great honour. (Durkheim, E, 1989) This therefore symbolises the effects of society and its values on the suicides of its people. The extent of this is demonstrated by the fact that none of these suicides are obligatory but any alternative option would rarely be chosen, showing the sheer subordination of the individual to society. These traditional cultures can, however, be rarely displayed in our contemporary society. Durkheim believes that they now take a different form that is encapsulated in our armies. There can be a number of reasons attributed to the high suicide rates among the army. It would be often said that it relates back to marriage and the high rates of unmarried men in the army account or this. However, if the suicide rates of unmarried men are compared with those of the army, it can be seen that the rates of the army are still much higher and further explanation is therefore required. Durkheim carefully studied all available statistics to show that the men most likely to commit suicide in the army were those best suited to its lifestyle and requirements and those who are most keen to partake. Durkheim therefore concludes that the cause can relate only to the lack of value that a trained soldier is required to place on his own life, therefore leading him to obey any command without self-conside ration. Theorists such as Esquirol, however, rejected this claim, maintaining that deaths of such honour and nobility should not be considered as suicide. Durkheim responds that this is a problematic view, which undermines the similarity between many forms of suicide, and he concludes, â€Å"Every sort of suicide is merely the exaggerated or deflected form of a value†. (Lukes, S, 1967) Finally, anomic suicide is, for Durkheim, the form most associated with modern society. Rather than involving a lack of integration into society, it refers to a lack of constraint to an individual’s activity. Durkheim claims that, in times of economic crisis, both of depression and prosperity and depression, the suicide rate will generally rise. His conclusion from this is that, as the cause cannot be either poverty or wealth as both have the similar effect, it must be the actual fluctuation of situation. The result of this is that â€Å"norms that had previously regulated their (people of the society) conduct are no longer appropriate to their changed conditions of life†. (Taylor, S 1989) This condition can either be ‘acute’, and cause only small fluctuations, or it can be ‘chronic’, which, in Durkheim’s opinion, is the state of our modern society. This contemporary position results in a severe lack of regulation and individuals begin t o compete against each other, as the collective life is lost. A development of hostility occurs, especially between â€Å"labour and capital† and the increasingly specialised division of labour results in a further decrease of social solidarity. (Durkheim, 1984) Thus, these individuals, in this individualist struggle, are in constant need to gain more from life and they develop insatiable desires. The constant state of dissatisfaction, which is the consequence of this, would be the obvious creator of tendencies towards suicide. It is therefore clear that Durkheim provided a careful and systematic account of what he believed to be a social crisis rather than a psychological one. His study has provided future sociologists with a new perspective on such issues that has shaped their own investigation. However, despite his importance, Durkheim and his study of suicide and society has not been without criticism. Firstly, Durkheim’s study is based largely on facts represented by the actual Suicide Rates. However, the validity of these rates is highly questionable. As the suicide rates are themselves produced by individuals, they rely heavily on personal judgement rather than fact. Much of this judgement is also based on the opinions of people connected to the event such as family who may wish to alter facts in order to retain dignity of their loved one or themselves. Also, in economic terms, families may wish to avoid suicide verdicts for insurance reasons. Furthermore, Durkheim placed great emphasis on the importance of religious groups in the variations in the suicide rate. However, his reasoning may not be entirely accurate as Catholics, for example, may wish to disguise suicides in order to retain the respect of their religion. Durkheim’s theory was also greatly based on the influence of social goals. He did not however, consider that different types of goals may exist and that many of these may be â€Å"non-integrative† (Lukes, S, 1967). Therefore, he failed to realise that the absence of social goals that he described, such as anomie, may in itself be a form of goal of norm. Also, Durkheim fails to account for intentionality or why certain people commit suicide. His devotion to considering official suicide rates meant that the intentionality could not be considered as no direct evidence could be available to determine this after the event. Durkheim claimed that suicides were completely random and that the social reasons affected everyone with the same force and those who ended their lives were simply hit at their weak points. (Taylor, S 1989) However, this very claim suggests that some level of psychological difference must exist between individuals for this to have such an effect. It can therefore be determined that, despite the importance of Durkheim’s work, it has a great number of faults and criticisms. He carefully rules out what seems to be any possibility of suicide being the product of anything non-social, but the conclusions which he reaches appear to be incomplete and somewhat contradictory. Therefore, although he has clearly demonstrated that suicide is significantly affected by society, and its norms and values, there must be a pathological element that determines the precise individuals that are the victims of such effects. It is consequently obvious why many who have studied similar issues since, accept many of Durkheim’s theories but generally reject his dismissal of individual differences and his emphasis of social currents.