MIS case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MIS case - Research Paper Example It can produce a working schedule for every store in a matter of hours. The employees at Wal-Mart are facing an ethical dilemma by the Kronos system. The new scheduling is favored by Wal-Mart as it increases the profit margin and reduces the cost but on the other hands it is unfavorable to the employees. As scheduling for employees requires personal judgment and takes in to consideration the needs of the employees, the new software is unable to do so. The ethical dilemma that Wal-Mart will face after the complete installation of Kronos will be beyond control. This system urges the management to hire fewer numbers of employees as needed according to the number of customers at the store. This conflicting condition where employees will be asked to visit at different hours will result in an ethical dilemma as the new system will decrease the job stability of the employees. The minimum wage staff will be highly affected and may leave the company and the reputation of Wal-Mart will be badly influenced. As the employees need to fill a form for informing the hours they can be available at so that a computerized scheduling system will make a shift schedule accordingly. The ethical issue of misinforming the employee may arise if the employees fill wrong information in the form to have a shift schedule with longer hours. The high paid associated feel that the new computerized system makes them quit their job as they are unable to meet the shift requirements asked by the company which comprises of some hours in day time and late hours. If these associates quit, they will be replaced by inexperienced lower staff as this may result in poor customer service (Walmart, 2013). The ethical principle that applies in this situation is â€Å"Do unto others as you may have them do unto you.† After the computerized scheduling system, we see that the employees of Wal-Mart are dissatisfied and some are relying on opportunities where they can depend on false

Essay over the electoral college Essay Example for Free

Essay over the electoral college Essay In the United States today, we use the Electoral College to decide who is going to be the next president. The presidency is not necessarily won by popular vote. The founding fathers opted for the Electoral College, because they were afraid of the masses. They wanted the president to be chosen by those who are qualified, well informed, and have the ability to chose a president more efficiently then the so called mob. Although I believe the Electoral College needs many changes, it is necessary in order to have a successful government that is fair. Thee main argument against the Electoral College is that the presidency should be won by popular vote alone. It shouldnt be that one candidate could win the popular vote, but lose the election. At first I completely agreed with this, because we do live in a democracy, and I believe that a democracy is a government for the people by the people. This would mean that the mass population decides who is the president, not a hand picked group of men to vote on who they wish, because they do not always have to vote on the candidate in which the state has voted the majority on. Although the Electoral College may take away the presidency from the candidate that won the majority vote, it evens things out across the nation. The Electoral College is necessary to make every state important in the voting process. If you did not have the Electoral College, those who were running for office would only campaign in the major states, that way they could get the majority of the population. For example the candidate would advertise and campaign in New York, especially New York City, because there is such a vast amount of people who live there, so he would try to assure that he had the votes for this city, and majority of the state, and would not have to worry about Montana. They candidate would then not go to smaller less populated states like Montana, South or North Dakota. He would not worry about the states or cities that had little populations, because are all he needs to worry about is that the majority of the people in the United States vote for him. It would be much easier to win an election by getting more people in more populated cities to vote, and not worrying about the little populations. This in fact takes away from the idea of a democracy, because it conveys the message that the only thing a presidential candidate  needs to worry about is getting the majority of the votes, and this does not have to be all over the nation, because there are parts of the nation that the population well exceeds other parts. The founding fathers developed the electoral college because they were afraid of what the government would be like if the masses were allowed to determine who they wanted in office. They were aware that it would turn into a popularity thing, and that is not what was needed in order to run a government efficiently. Although the population must have a say in the government, there has to be some form of control, and that was the basis of the Electoral College. I think that in order for the Electoral College to be successful, and to function properly, there has to be some major changes to it. The biggest change needs to be the fact that the electors themselves need to be abolished. I think that it should be set up to where the popular vote in the state decides whom the electoral votes from the state go. The majority of the time this is what happens, but it does not have to. If an elector wanted to vote for someone other then that the state allotted popular vote to, they very well could. I do not think that it should be allowed, because by doing that it takes the democracy out of the government, because it is never a certain thing that the populace wish will be carried out. If you want to go even farther you could break it down into districts with in the state. Each district gets one Electoral College vote, and the vote goes to the candidate in which has the majority of that district. The Electoral College is definitely needed in this country in order for the election process to be fair to all states and thus to all constituents. Although winning by popular votes sounds like the way to go in a democracy, it is not. If that were the case then there would be no equality among states, and the fact that everybody matters in a democracy would not be. There would be very little concentration on other small or less populated states, because you could win the election without them.

George Orwells 1984: Unmasking Totalitarianism Essay -- Literary Anal

The outlook to the future is usually one filled with hope. When failures of the past and present problems collide together, the future is often seen as a place of hope. This mindset was no different in Britain during the mid 20th century, especially in the late 1940’s. World War II had finally ended, the days of fighting Nazi Germany was behind everyone but present circumstances were bleak. Britain was still recovering from the effects of World War II and handling the transition of a new socialist democratic government. From the east there loomed Stalin’s Soviet Union with its communism government and Totalitarian ruling mindset. Many were oblivious to the facts surrounding communism and looked hopefully to it. The reason for this was as Mitzi Brunsdale states because of â€Å"all kinds of personal and social inadequacies† (139). Many in the west were discouraged with present conditions and looked to Stalinism for hope. Many of the â€Å"Western supp ort for Stalin often took the form of neo-religious adulation† (Brunsdale139). On the other hand, George Orwell stood in direct opposition. This resistance against the Totalitarian rule of Stalin was especially expressed in one of his most popular books called 1984, which â€Å"brings home to England the experience of countless who suffered in Totalitarian regimes of Eastern Europe† (Meyers 114). George Orwell through his life experiences and through the accounts of others had seen the dangers of Totalitarianism. In 1984, George Orwell exposed three dangerous aspects of Totalitarianism by showing the oppression of the individual's in the story in order to show the true nature of Totalitarianism. One of the first ways that Orwell exposes Totalitarianism through the oppression of the i... ...y to write a novel that so clearly shows the power of the state and diminish of the individual send chills to those who read his book. Even in the future, every reader is faced with the reality of the possibility of such a society existing. With technology advances and many history defining issues arising, the possibility of elements of the book coming true seems to become more and more of a reality. Works Cited Bal, Sant S. George Orwell The Ethical Imagination. Atlantic Highlands: Humanities, 1981. Print. Brunsdale, Mitzi M. Student Companion to George Orwell. Westport: Greenwood, 2000. Print. Meyers, Jeffrey. A Reader's Guide to George Orwell. Totown: Littlefield, Adams &, 1975. Print. Meyers, Valerie. Modern Novelists George Orwell. New York: St. Martin's, 1991. Print. Orwell, George. Nineteen Eighty-Four. New York: Penguin Group, 2003. Print.

Plutonium :: essays research papers

Plutonium   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Plutonium is a radioactive metallic element. Although it is occasionally found in nature, mostly all of our plutonium is produced artificially in a lab. The official chemical symbol for plutonium is Pu, coming from its first and third letters. Its atomic number is ninety-four. Plutonium is able to maintain its solid state until very high temperatures, melting at six hundred and forty degrees Celsius, and boiling at three thousand four hundred and sixty degrees. The density of Plutonium, at twenty degrees centigrade, is 19.86 grams per cubic centimeter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Plutonium was discovered, in the laboratory, by Glenn Theodore Seaborg, and his associate Edward M. McMillan. The two shared the Nobel prize in 1951 for their discoveries of Plutonium, Americium (Am), Curium (Cm), Berkelium (Bk), and Californium (Cf). In addition, Seaborg later contributed to the discovery of three more radioactive elements, Einsteinium (Es), Mendelevium (Md), and Nobelium (No). Plutonium was Seaborg’s first discovery. Its name came from Pluto, the planet after Neptune for which Neptunium was named. In 1940, at the University of California at Berkeley, he bombarded a sample of Uranium with deuterons, the nuclei in atoms of deuterium, transmuting it into plutonium. Shortly after, Seaborg was able to isolate plutonium 239, an isotope used in atomic bombs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Plutonium is a highly dangerous and poisonous element because it rapidly gives off radiation in the form of alpha particles. Alpha particles, which are identical to the nucleus of a helium atom, consist of two protons and two neutrons tightly bound together. Although the particles can only travel about five centimeters in the air, they can cause great damage when the enter the body, causing cancer and other serious health problems. Beyond the danger of their radiation, Plutonium will spontaneously explode when a certain amount, called critical mass, is kept together. Soon after the discovery of Plutonium, it was discovered that at least two oxidation states existed. It is now known to exist in oxidation states of +3, +4, +5, and +6.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Currently, there are fifteen known isotopes of Plutonium, with mass numbers ranging between 232 and 246. The most important isotope is plutonium 239, or Pu-239. When struck by a neutron, this isotope undergoes a process called fission. In fission, When struck by a neutron, the nucleus of the plutonium atom is split into two nearly equal parts, and energy is released. Although the energy released by one atom is not much, the splitting of the nucleus releases more neutrons, which strike more plutonium atoms. This process, called a chain- reaction, produces enormous amounts of energy. This energy is often used to power nuclear reactors, or to provide the energy for nuclear weapons.

Biblical World View Essay

In the following essay on Biblical World View of, Business Administration, with the foundational Christian belief that man was created in the image of God. There will be two examples in this essay that will explain this view. In the first example, I will be going over leadership and how important it is as a Christian to remember your foundational belief that we are created in the image of God. The second example, I will be discussing the importance of honesty for Christians, since we are created in the image of God.â€Å"Immediately following each day of creation God saw that it was good, but after the creation of man, God saw that it was very good†. (Online excerpt, Original Creation of man in the image of god, 2013)Being created in the image of God does not just refer to physical appearance; it also refers to the total essence of God. Example 1 In this example, I will be going over leadership and the Christian foundation that we were created in the image of God.From the very beginning of our creation as humans, we were give leadership over all his creation. With leadership, in any aspect, you will possess tremendous responsibility, and power over others, and their lives. King David stated in Psalm 139 â€Å"Thank you for making me so wonderfully complex! Your workmanship is marvelous-How well we know it. † (Etzel and Gutierrez, Praxis Beyond Theory, 2012, p 61) AS Christians, one knows, without a doubt, that we are created in his image. Therefore, we have to always keep in that mindset.The Bible says â€Å"if it is teaching, let him encourage; If it is contributing to the needs of others, let him give generously; If it is leadership, let him govern diligently; If it is showing mercy, let him do it cheerfully. (Men’s Study Bible, NIV, Romans 12:8, 1997) I am currently enrolled for a BS in Business administration with a major in Project management. So needless to say I will be in charge the entire project at hand. This means, in every aspe ct I will be in charge of financing, labor, time & material, board meetings, and deadlines; I could keep going, but I am sure you got the idea.That is a lot of responsibility. With this position sin exists around every corner, just to name a few, Stealing, cheating, and deceiving people. This is why one should always remember, we are created in his image. Jesus Christ was a great leader, to whom followers looked up to for guidance, and answers. When I was a kid my grandmother always would say â€Å"What would Jesus do? Still to this day I use that very same question. With all the deceitfulness, and cheating that corrupts the business world, one must always remember in leadership people under you look to you for answers and guidance.You reflect who you are, no one else. So why not reflect the one who created you in his own image. Always ask yourself what would Jesus do? Example 2 In this example I will be going over how honesty in my chosen field of study relates to how we are creat ed in the image of God. Again the image of God is far more than the physical appearance. â€Å"Jesus is said to perfectly represent God the father†. (Etzel and Gutierrez, Praxis Beyond Theory, 2012, p 62) Jesus himself stated this in John 10:30. The Bible says Jesus was sin less and Jesus and God are one.So we can safely say we are the image of God and Jesus. Jesus threw his existence was humble, forgiving, and honest. So in Theory, if we are anything other than his likeness, then we could say, we would be the opposite of them, and that would be sinning. As Christians we strive not to sin, and remain in his image. In Project Management, I will be doing an enormous amount of managing of a lot of different people, funds, and business obligations. So with that being said, perception of how people perceive me and my demeanor will represent how I will be treated by fellow coworkers.â€Å"Keep your conduct among the gentiles honorable, so that when they speak against you as evil d oers, they may see your good deeds and glorify God on the day of visitation†. (1 Peter 2:12) King David was with himself and God and ultimately committed adultery and in the end murder. In my chosen field many people will look to me for advice and answers. I much rather be looked at by the people I will be leading as someone who walked with Jesus, instead of an Evildoer. ConclusionSince I have started my journey at Liberty University, I have learned a lot of things that will help me obtain a closer relationship with God. Upon completion of my studies, and once in the work field, my goal will to strive to walk in Gods footsteps. Perception on how people will perceive me will make or break me in this field. I cannot think of anyone else, but God, to be in the likeness of. Sin will be around every corner, all I can do is, look to my Bible, pray, and keep asking myself â€Å"What would Jesus do? †

Macbeth by Shakespeare

Macbeth by Shakespeare Macbeth is presented as a mature man of definitely established character, successfulin certain fields of activity and enjoying an enviable reputation. We must not conclude,there, that all his volitions and actions are predictable; Macbeth's character, like anyother man's at a given moment, is what is being made out of potentialities plusenvironment, and no one, not even Macbeth himself, can know all his inordinate self-love whose actions are discovered to be-and no doubt have been for a long time-determined mainly by an inordinate desire for some temporal or mutable good.Macbeth is actuated in his conduct mainly by an inordinate desire for worldly honors;his delight lies primarily in buying golden opinions from all sorts of people. But we mustnot, therefore, deny him an entirely human complexity of motives. For example, hisfighting in Duncan's service is magnificent and courageous, and his evident joy init is traceable in art to the natural pleasure which accompanies the explosive ex penditureof prodigious physical energy and the euphoria which follows.Macbeth and Banquo Meeting the Three Witches by Jo...He also rejoices nodoubt in the success which crowns his efforts in battle - and so on. He may evenconceived of the proper motive which should energize back of his great deed:The service and the loyalty I owe,In doing it, pays itself.But while he destroys the king's enemies, such motives work but dimly at best and areobscured in his consciousness by more vigorous urges. In the main, as we have said, hisnature violently demands rewards: he fights valiantly in order that he may be reported insuch terms a 'valour's minion' and 'Bellona's bridegroom'' he values success because itbrings spectacular fame and new titles and royal favor heaped upon him in public. Nowso long as these...

75 Idioms and Expressions That Include Break

75 Idioms and Expressions That Include Break 75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break† 75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break† By Mark Nichol Break and its various forms are found in a number of idioms and expressions. Here is an extensive but likely incomplete list of such usages. 1. All hell break(s) loose: chaos ensues 2. Break bad: defy authority 3. Break bread: to dine together, thus symbolizing peace and cooperation 4. Break a code: figure out a system for disguising communication 5. Break a law: do something illegal 6. Break a leg: an expression from the performing arts equivalent to â€Å"Good luck† 7. Break a/the record: exceed the previous best performance 8. Break a habit: stop doing something one does regularly 9. Break a story: be the first journalist to report on an incident or issue 10. Break away: separate from a group 11. Break (one’s) back: expend a great deal of effort for a result 12. Break (one’s) balls: overwhelm or overwork someone 13. Break camp: pack equipment at a campsite in preparation for departure 14. Break down: physically or emotionally collapse, or reduce something to its constituent parts 15. Break even: end up with the same amount of money one had before investing or gambling 16. Break faith: cease to support, or to abide by a promise 17. Break (one’s) fall: prevent a fall of one’s body that might have caused injury 18. Break for: pause for 19. Break formation: cease to operate in an established formation or pattern 20. Break free: release oneself from a literal or figurative restraint 21. Break (one’s) heart: suffer emotional distress 22. Break ground: begin construction 23. Break in (or into): enter by force 24. Break (one) in: introduce someone to something, or initiate someone into something 25. Break it up: an admonition to stop what one is doing, especially arguing or fighting 26. Break loose: separate from 27. Break into a gallop: suddenly increase one’s pace to a gallop while riding a horse 28. Break new ground: begin something new or do something different 29. Break (one) of (something): cause someone to stop doing something habitual 30. Break of dawn: beginning of the day 31. Break off: stop or cease 32. Break open: forcibly open 33. Break out: forcibly remove something from something else, literally or figuratively escape, burst forth suddenly, separate (as into groups), or develop pimples 34. Break out in a cold sweat: become suddenly nervous or frightened so that one literally or figurative perspires 35. Break out in a rash: suddenly develop a skin condition 36. Break out in tears: suddenly begin crying 37. Break ranks: cease to adhere to a certain opinion or cause 38. Break silence: cease to refrain from speaking about something 39. Break (one’s) stride: suddenly stop walking 40. Break the back of: reduce the power or end the domination of 41. Break the bank: use all of one’s funds 42. Break the fourth wall: address an audience directly rather than act as if there is no audience (said of an actor) 43. Break the ice: do something to alleviate awkwardness or nervousness 44. Break the mold: do something differently than it has been done before, or, in the case of a comment that â€Å"They broke the mold when . . . ,† a sentiment that someone or something has no equal 45. Break the news: share (often unpleasant) information 46. Break the silence: speak up about a topic previously avoided 47. Break the spell: end a period in which one experienced delight 48. Break through: overcome 49. Break (something) to (someone): provide (usually unpleasant) news or information 50. Break up: to separate into pieces 51. Break up with: to end a romantic relationship with 52. Break wind: create flatulence 53. Break with: end a relationship with 54. Break with tradition: deviate from custom or standard practice 55. Break (one’s) word: renege on a promise 56. Breaking point: the limit of physical or emotional endurance 57. Broke: out of money 58. Broken arrow: military jargon or code referring to an accident involving nuclear weaponry or to a request for air support for a threatened position 59. Broken dreams: unfulfilled aspirations 60. (Sound like a) broken record: sound repetitive, like a vinyl record that skips and therefore repeatedly plays a sound 61. Broken reed: unreliable person (on the analogy of the broken reed of a reed instrument) 62. Even break: even chance 63. (Make a) clean break: escape without complications, or start over again 64. Give me a break: said to express skepticism or exasperation 65. Go for broke: risk everything 66. If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it: don’t try to improve something that works well 67. Lucky break: fortunate occurrence 68. Make a break for it: attempt to escape or get away 69. Make or break: said of a critical action that will result in significant success or failure 70. Sticks and stones may break my bones but names will never hurt me: a child’s response to name-calling expressing that he or she is not injured by the name-calling 71. Take a break: pause while working 72. That’s the breaks/them’s the breaks: an expression of mild sympathy for bad luck 73. The straw that breaks the camel’s back: the final unfortunate or unpleasant incident that results in abandoning or rejecting a situation 74. Tough break: bad luck 75. You cannot make an omelet without breaking eggs: a saying referring to the fact that sacrifices must be made to obtain desirable results Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business LetterThe Possessive Apostrophe5 Ways to Reduce Use of Prepositions

Planning and Design of Airports

Planning and Design of Airports Airports have become a part of everyday existence, as air travel is necessary for many aspects of life. The design and technology that goes into building and engineering an airport is unseen but is very complex and structured. There are many details that are important to keep in mind in order to build a well functioning and effective airport.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Planning and Design of Airports specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The runway is key part of any airport and at first, it might seem simple enough. The landing and takeoff of an airplane are considered to be one of the most important parts of any flights and so, great care must be taken in designing and building the runway. Usually, it is made of asphalt or concrete and the specifics of the plane are taken into account. The runways have a close relationship with the Earth’s magnetic poles and their shifts. The changes in magnetic poles, which can slowly drift in a certain direction, will result in a name or number change for the runway. Some runways are designed for takeoff and some for landing. This is due to the fact that during landing the physics are different when compared to takeoff or rolling of the plane into position. Runways are connected by ramps and the path that connects the two is called taxiway. As most of the airports are busy and the speed of traffic adds to the effectiveness of the functioning, taxiways are constructed to be used for a high speed usage. The markings on runways, ramps and taxiways are extremely important as they tell the pilots their specific purpose. It is done with letters, numbers and different color lighting. The marking lights are heavily relied on during night time for obvious reasons. There is a great amount of technology used to test and monitor surfaces, markings and other safety details of the airport and its features (Woods 23). Most of the time runways are made with con crete to provide obstruction free, smooth and hard surface. The thickness of concrete depends on the planes that are used and their mass is what determines if it is 10 inches or 1 meter thick. Modern airplanes that are used for commercial transports have one of the highest masses and so, the pressure from the chassis or landing gear is a key determinant. The construction and materials for the runways are very expensive and so, the manufacturers of the aircraft must keep in mind the amount of wear that the airplane will have on the concrete. Due to this, the weight of the airplane must be equally distributed between the touching points and the amount of tires play an important role in the pressure on the pavement.Advertising Looking for term paper on air transport? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Weather conditions are also taken into consideration, as some places are suscepted to frosting conditions while others neve r have to deal with temperatures below zero degrees. The pavement surface is an integral part of the runway because it is an area that comes into most contact with the plane. The contact between the surface and the tires must be maximized for braking and acceleration. As sometimes there is heavy rain, the surface is made with grooves that let water flow into them, which decreases hydroplaning or gliding of tires along the surface. Some of the materials that are used for the surface layer are asphalt, concrete, clay, a mixture of several materials called composite, coral which is made from coral reefs and others. The surface of the runways is important but so is the direction. It is determined by the wind, as takeoff and landing happen as closely as possible to the wind direction. As the wind changes, so does the â€Å"active† runway being used. The length of the runways is related to the mass of the plane and geographical elevation. At least 1800 meters is required for aircra ft that are below 90000 kilograms. Planes that are larger in size and wider in their dimensions will have a minimum 2400 meters takeoff length. The higher the altitude the longer the runways will be. This is because the air is less dense at a higher altitude and more speed and distance is needed for an airplane to takeoff (Ashford 80). The changes in technology have greatly affected the design of the airports. The engines are made to have more power and so, the design of the airport is changed and aligned according to the plane, its power and dimensions. The amount of fuel needed for the plane will have an effect on its mass and power output, so the types of planes that use the airport play a key role. The airplane itself has many characteristics that differentiate it from others. The wing span, seating capacity, length of the fuselage, amount of fuel needed, on board specifications and age, all play a role in the development of the airport (Ashford 76). For example, a higher wing s pan will decrease the flying speed of an airplane and the speed of landing and takeoff will also be lower. The purpose of the plane plays a significant role in the design of the airport. If it is a military base or an airplane used by the military might land in a particular airport, the mass and dimensions are taken into account. Commercial and private airplanes have a great number of specifications that dictate the design of the airports.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Planning and Design of Airports specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The amount of traffic and the loads are also factors that determine the layout and details of engineering a smooth functioning airfield. The safety of people on the ground and on the plane is an important matter and so, the conditions of the surface are constantly monitored. The wear on the runways is inevitable and specific division of airport workers must have a close eye on any defects and irregularities. Another factor that affects the design of the airport is the area it is located in and the usage by the public. A major city airport will have a larger area with bigger size terminal and more pockets or aprons for plane parking (Graham 207). The greater the amount of people that uses the airport, the higher is the amount of airplanes and the tower must take more effective and orderly control of the large number of airplanes. Smaller or private airports are not so demanding when comparing to major city airports and military bases. The airports that are used by the army have different types of aircraft: helicopters, smaller and faster airplanes and transport planes, which are sometimes more demanding than those used publicly (Edwards 71). Overall, a lot of engineering thought and planning goes into designing an airport. It is an intricate structure of systems that are all connected and serve a specific purpose. It is a place of extreme speeds and condition s that are taken very seriously, which reflects in the organization of both airplanes and airfields. Ashford, Norman. Airport Engineering: Planning, Design and Development of 21st Century Airports, Hoboken, John Wiley Sons, 2011. Print. Edwards, Brian. The Modern Airport Terminal: New Approaches to Airport Architecture, Abingdon, United States: Routledge, 2004. Print.Advertising Looking for term paper on air transport? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Graham, Anne. Managing Airports, Burlington, United States: Routledge, 2003. Print. Woods, Jessica. A Study of Airport Pavement-aircraft Interaction Using Wavelet Analysis, Ann Arbor, United States: ProQuest, 2008. Print.

Psychology of Lying Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Psychology of Lying - Research Paper Example The second reason why people lie could be to benefit from lying somehow and achieve a better position, socially or materialistically (McVeigh, 41). Grover (479) agrees that self-interest could be the main fixed variable when we refer to deception, as has been confirmed through various theories and research on deception. Deceiving so that self-control could be exercised over resources, where resources are viewed as a self-interest commodity, has been the moral of many organizational politics literature (Grover, 479). Grover (479) mentions a particular theory by (Schein, 1979) where he hypothesized that deception could be an instrument used to achieve power, with special emphasis on high end organizations.Then again at another instance Grover (479) recollects (Lewicki, 1983) to have considered achieving any desired outcomes through the purposeful negotiation tactic of ‘lying’. This statement is supported by two authors, Hurkens and Kartik (15), who believe that most people lie when there is an incentive available. Grover (1) gives the best example to explain how lying could provide opportunities to people. Since workers have to report the newest developments to their bosses and subordinates frequently either verbally or non-verbally. Grover (1) states that a truck driver keeps track of all the hours he has been on the road, a nurse records vital signs on charts, a certified public accountant records the amounts audited, while reporting tree census is the job of a forester. While their individual employers consider their stated report to be true, each of such people has initiatives to lie (Grover, 1). If the truck driver fakes that he followed the speed limit, while actually he exceeded it he can return home earlier; the nurse, on the other hand, can save her time and put it elsewhere by incorrectly quoting some of the recorded vital signs; by reporting that they have done voluminous amounts of work CPA's may become partners sooner; and the forester i n order to prevent deforestation may wrongly report the tree census (Grover, 1). Such initiatives to lie all fulfill selfish desires, thus, giving room to the idea which links selfish behavior to the act of lying. DePaulo et.al (980) further states that it is an established fact in the literature on ethics that, lying is frequently perceived as an act of selfish behavior. DePaulo et.al (980) mentions an assumption that landing jobs, proceeding in the corporate hierarchy, increased remuneration, as well as better grades, seem to be the main (selfish) motivators for people to lie. DePaulo et.al (980) point out that these are all financial or rather materialistic gains which satisfy the self, however, a contrasting ideology becomes evident in their opinion, since they perceive lies to be told often to achieve emotional satisfaction, such as esteem, affection, and respect, rather than materialistic satisfaction. Ekman and O’Sullivan (913) explain the intensity of different kinds of lies and what could be the dangers associated with each of them. According to Ekman and O’Sullivan (913), lies are observed in all phases of life, whether it be at home, school, or the workplace. Ekman and O’Sullivan (913) divide lies into two categories: the low-stake lies, and the high-stake lies. Considering the

Interpersonal Conflict in Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interpersonal Conflict in Film - Essay Example tales being linked together, surprisingly, the director somehow manages to make the whole plot gel together to form an outstanding collage of significant chronicles and to convey a positive message for its audience. Crash is basically an analogy of the inter-racial conflict that exists in the American society. A crash or a collision by definition happens when there is a conflict in people’s individual beliefs and ideas. What makes Crash exceptional is that it is far from predictable – â€Å"we understand quickly enough who the characters are and what their lives are like, but we have no idea how they will behave, because so much depends on accident† (Ebert, 2005). What is worth noting, however, is that there are actually several portions of the film where interpersonal conflict was not handled effectively. This paper will focus on only one of the more intense interpersonal conflicts depicted in this film. The character this essay will be focused on is Cameron Thayer, a role portrayed by Terrence Howard. Cameron is a director for a television program, and he and his wife, become the subject of a policeman’s acts of prejudice against blacks. While driving home one night from work, Cameron’s Navigator is pulled over by two police officers, and due to his wife’s misconduct – being drunk, behaving argumentatively and not following orders – Christine (Cameron’s wife), is molested in front of him by LAPD officer John Ryan. Cameron does not do anything while she is being violated, and this act of not doing anything becomes the subject of the interpersonal conflict between Cameron and Christine. The conflict between the couple was unavoidable because at the time of the occurrence, Christine was drunk and acting impulsively. Before the molesting incident, Cameron tried to practice placating (Sole, 2011, p. 200) to avoid the situation from getting worse. She was uncontrollable, however, thus causing the way that the police officer treated her. This is not

Human resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Human resource - Essay Example This report highlights the perils of using the appraisal as a control device. Managers, in today’s organisations, require the need to ensure employees are focused on meeting corporate goals and attaining goals related to their individual job roles. Policy is generally the tool of choice to ensure compliance, created to act as a guideline for improving or managing employee behaviour. Managerial controls are best managed through in-house policy creation and should never include the performance appraisal as a means to guarantee compliance. In progressive organisations, the performance appraisal is created as a tool to monitor employee job function, unique contribution, and assess the overall learning capabilities of employees. Abraham Maslow, a famous 20th century psychologist, created the Hierarchy of Needs which describes employee motivations in order to help them become a more well-rounded employee. This model describes basic human needs to include security, belonging and self-esteem as needs that must be fulfilled in order to become high-performing business contributors. â€Å"The satisfaction of the need for esteem produces feelings of self-confidence, prestige, power and control. Individuals feel useful when they feel they have some sort of effect on their environment† (Gambrel & Cianci, 2003, p.144). Self-esteem development is paramount for today’s human resource managers, as it is the determinant of how employees view themselves and their role within the organisation. It is because of these needs that the performance appraisal has been developed, helping employees to uncover their many talents and give them a tool for feedback as a means to improve self-esteem. Employees, at the most basic needs level, need reinforcement to give them guidance about their performance, their peer or manager relationships, and to help them understand which weaknesses require change or improvement. The appraisal acts as a feedback mechanism that provides

The Technological Advance of Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Technological Advance of Religion - Essay Example As people gain more technology they gain also a sense of independent conceit that there is no need to depend on God for provision, or to look to God for answers. The more people discover and learn about the things that surround them the more they take for granted they can control and be in charge of these things. Before the time science saved lives through medicine and people were instilled with a God complex because of such triumphs, there was a time when people had less answers, but more certainty; the type of assurance that came from the heart and not from experiments. The era of life lived with more emphasis placed on spiritual meditation than rational inquisition. Before Christianity came onto the scene, paganism was the primary religion which practiced an earth based worship of all aspects of nature. There was a god of rain, a god of sun, a god of harvest, and many other gods they prayed to for prosperity. Polytheistic religion is a religion that believes in multiple gods as pa gans did. This practice was the result of the human need to explain what could not readily be understood in the absence of science. Phenomena such as weather and fertility were attributed to these different gods and could explain the instability in nature. The separate deities needed to be persuaded to provide for humanity, or pacified into not harming them. Polytheistic religions, therefore, had many customs and rituals intended to accomplish this. Worship practices of all sorts were designed, literally, to manipulate pagan gods into making the world habitable, granting its people success. It was also necessary for everyone to follow those practices, since even just one person apparently snubbing their idol might cause that idol to become angry and lash out or fail to provide some needed gift to all humanity. As religion developed, science did too. Because of the exalted nature of religion, questions regarding its validity, especially in its earliest days of expansion were unwelcom e. As science advanced in its expeditions however, more questions regarding the validity of religion arose. One thing religion and science have in common is that neither has all the answers. In religion that is because faith is the platform it stands on. Science in their criticisms and arguments of religion continuously fails to appreciate this. Religion acknowledges a creator, science strives to recreate and comes up short at times in its endeavors to do so. Like Darwin when he proposed his theory of evolution to describe the origin of our species, how we came to exist! Evolution can be briefly summarized in five stages. 1) Variation- there is variation in every population. 2) Competition- organisms compete for limited resources. 3) Offspring- organisms produce more offspring than can survive. 4) Genetics- organisms pass on genetic traits to offspring. 5) Natural selection- Organisms with the most beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. In every population a mut ation in the gene pool will cause a mutation in the development of the species resulting in a change of the species itself overtime. Survival of the fittest is a Darwin doctrine stating that the strongest will outperform the weaker for available resources such as food and habitat subjecting the weaker of its species to death. The more offspring you have, the more success for your genes to be passed down and to thrive in the specific environment. The claim Darwin makes from evolution suggests humans share its ancestry with apes. The theory of evoluti

D1213 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

D1213 - Assignment Example Production of bottled water is under strict regulations and monitoring prescribed by FDA which ensures cleanliness and purity of the water. In case of tap water most of the time water lines are affected due to contamination which can be avoided by using bottled water. As there are, both negative and positive aspects related with bottled water so according to me it is better to use bottled water from a reputed manufacturer (Azoulay, Garzon and Eisenberg). Before consume bottled water it is always recommended that to verify the content level and make sure that it is purified according to FDA regulations. Ergogenic aids are mainly the supplements, which has a quality to enhance performance for a certain time by increasing energy utilization. The external influence provided by ergogenic aids is associated with not only performance but also can remove certain restraints, which can limit capacity of an individual (Tokish, Kocher and Hawkins). International Olympic committee has an independent body of that is World anti drug doping agency (WADA) has a prescribed guidelines for ergogenic aids and there mode of legality. Blood doping is a kind of ergogenic aids, which is illegal as it cause severe side effects in human body. There are also some supplements also which are permissible according to the WADA. Supplements such as creatine, caffeine, amino acids are legal in a permissible range. There following questions can be asked to an athlete before taking this kind of supplement, Further research needs to be done on the effect on performance and side effects of the supplements. Athletes and their coaches who are using these kinds of supplements need proper counseling. Awareness program can be organized to give a proper picture of the side effects. Most importantly Legal action should be taken to the users of banned supplements. Tokish, John M, Mininder S Kocher, and Richard J Hawkins. â€Å"Ergogenic Aids: A Review Of Basic Science,

The Technological Advance of Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Technological Advance of Religion - Essay Example As people gain more technology they gain also a sense of independent conceit that there is no need to depend on God for provision, or to look to God for answers. The more people discover and learn about the things that surround them the more they take for granted they can control and be in charge of these things. Before the time science saved lives through medicine and people were instilled with a God complex because of such triumphs, there was a time when people had less answers, but more certainty; the type of assurance that came from the heart and not from experiments. The era of life lived with more emphasis placed on spiritual meditation than rational inquisition. Before Christianity came onto the scene, paganism was the primary religion which practiced an earth based worship of all aspects of nature. There was a god of rain, a god of sun, a god of harvest, and many other gods they prayed to for prosperity. Polytheistic religion is a religion that believes in multiple gods as pa gans did. This practice was the result of the human need to explain what could not readily be understood in the absence of science. Phenomena such as weather and fertility were attributed to these different gods and could explain the instability in nature. The separate deities needed to be persuaded to provide for humanity, or pacified into not harming them. Polytheistic religions, therefore, had many customs and rituals intended to accomplish this. Worship practices of all sorts were designed, literally, to manipulate pagan gods into making the world habitable, granting its people success. It was also necessary for everyone to follow those practices, since even just one person apparently snubbing their idol might cause that idol to become angry and lash out or fail to provide some needed gift to all humanity. As religion developed, science did too. Because of the exalted nature of religion, questions regarding its validity, especially in its earliest days of expansion were unwelcom e. As science advanced in its expeditions however, more questions regarding the validity of religion arose. One thing religion and science have in common is that neither has all the answers. In religion that is because faith is the platform it stands on. Science in their criticisms and arguments of religion continuously fails to appreciate this. Religion acknowledges a creator, science strives to recreate and comes up short at times in its endeavors to do so. Like Darwin when he proposed his theory of evolution to describe the origin of our species, how we came to exist! Evolution can be briefly summarized in five stages. 1) Variation- there is variation in every population. 2) Competition- organisms compete for limited resources. 3) Offspring- organisms produce more offspring than can survive. 4) Genetics- organisms pass on genetic traits to offspring. 5) Natural selection- Organisms with the most beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. In every population a mut ation in the gene pool will cause a mutation in the development of the species resulting in a change of the species itself overtime. Survival of the fittest is a Darwin doctrine stating that the strongest will outperform the weaker for available resources such as food and habitat subjecting the weaker of its species to death. The more offspring you have, the more success for your genes to be passed down and to thrive in the specific environment. The claim Darwin makes from evolution suggests humans share its ancestry with apes. The theory of evoluti

Is there mutual incompatibility of deep integration, national Essay

Is there mutual incompatibility of deep integration, national sovereignty, and democracy Discuss - Essay Example The process of economic integration however carries with it inherent qualities which seem to be incompatible with the principles of sovereignty and democracy. This paper shall discuss this incompatibility in the Central Eastern European (CEE) region, in the hope of coming up with a clear and comprehensive assessment of the region and on the application of globalization practices. There is a mutual incompatibility of deep integration, national sovereignty and democracy in the CEE region because of the inherent qualities of independent and sovereign states which set them apart from each other. National sovereignty refers to the right of a state in relation to its territories to perform, â€Å"to the exclusion of any other state, the functions of a state† (Strange, 1996, p. 45). Integration, to some extent, demands that sovereignty be given up or relinquished to the region or to the global market. The CEE region is a region which is mainly composed of post-communist countries from Czech Republic to Russia (BlogCamp, 2008). In some instances, it is also known as the emerging or the new Europe in the sense that it is slowly emerging in the current digitized world. For example, Ukraine manifested a 100% annual growth of online advertising market for two years in a row (BlogCamp, 2008). The growth of the region in terms of internet usage and economic advance s will be considered in the area of Eastern Europe (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova); Central Europe (Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia); Baltics (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania); and Eastern Balkans (Romania and Bulgaria) (BlogCamp, 2008). In the previous year, analysts were keen to note that the region was headed towards a regional crisis which was very like the East Asia crisis towards the end of the 90s. The crisis showed that the region was rife with problems in its regional

Group Response Techniques Essay Example for Free

Group Response Techniques Essay Active student responding is a critical component of effective instruction in class room . One low tech strategy developed to facilitate active student responding during group instruction involves the use of response cards . Typically this approach involves the teacher asking questions during instruction and having each student write down his / her answers on the response cards and then display those responses for the teacher feedback and corrective action. This paper is to evaluate that response cards is a more effective group response technique than the hand raising technique and other techniques. During hand raising , a student who raised his/her hand is called upon to answer the question posed by the teacher . During response card techniques , each student is asked to display his/her answer on the response card provided to him/her . The frequency of active student response was higher with the response cards than the hand raising technique Introduction Group response techniques are those techniques through which a group of students or Participants can answer to a question rather than individually in a classroom activity or session. Students are considered to be actively engaged in a class room session when they respond in a group , and its a sign that they are likely to learn the material being taught to them . The teacher can observe the students response to get a immediate feedback about whether the majority of students in the class are able to truly understand the academic content . There are three group response techniques 1. Response Cards 2. Choral Response 3. Hand raising Response cards: In this technique students respond as a group by displaying their response cards which displays their answers to the question posed by the teacher. Choral response: In this technique the students in a class or group respond orally in unison to the question posed by the teacher . Hand raising: In this technique, the teacher asks the question before calling upon an individual student who raised his/her hand. Why only response cards is preferred ? The use of response cards is one strategy that has shown promising initial results for increasing the frequency of active student response and sequent academic achievements during large group instructions . Response cards are reusable cards held up simultaneously by each student to indicate his or her answer. In this paper we will study about response cards in comparison with hand raisings , We will be comparing the factors like: (a) frequency of active student response (b) accuracy of student responses (c) teacher presentation rate Response cards As told earlier, Response cards is one type of group response techniques in which students respond as a group by displaying response cards which displays their answers to the question posed by the teacher. There are two response card formats. 1. cards with pre printed response choices 2. cards on which students write their response The teacher should introduce response cards by explaining and demonstrating their use and importance , letting the students to practice the response procedure so that they get familiar and proficient in using them . The teacher should maintain a quick , lively pace through the lesson , providing clues to the students about when to use response cards appropriately. Some students may inevitably display a wrong answer, then the teacher/instructor should focus on and provide feedback for the majority response Performance feedback: In giving feedback, the teacher should give information about whether the majority class response is correct , and immediately provide the correct response and supporting explanation if a significant number of students answered incorrectly . Those items missed by many students should be presented again later in the lesson to ensure that students have learned the material after corrective feedback. The instructor should also praise students periodically for appropriate and prompt use of the group response format. Additionally, The teacher should acknowledge and validate answers that differ from the instructor’s but could still be considered correct. Survey A study has been conducted in fifth grade classroom in an elementary school . There were 13 boys and 11 girls in the class, five students were selected for observation after consultation with their regular teacher . The target 5 students have been divide into two groups of 3 and 2 students each (sometimes this type of division can be considered as triangulation) ,and the student in each group were observed on the alternating trails . The class room is equipped with an overhead projector and screen . The questions to be asked are screened on the screen using projector . Using projector and screen had made the process of questioning the students more easier than the conventional way of questioning. The study involves two sessions: 1. HAND RAISING TECHNIQUES SESSION During Hand raising sessions the teacher poses a set of questions to the students, one of the students who raise their hand is called upon to give the response. In this technique only one student is involved in giving the response while the other students sit idle in the class . The teacher provides a praise for each correct response (e. g. , â€Å"Excellent [student’s name] ,The sun is a star. †) and a corrective feedback for incorrect response(e. g. ,† No, the answer is the sun, The sun is a star. †) The feedback procedure controls the number of times the students write/hear the correct answer to each instruction. 2. RESPONSE CARD SESSION Presentation and question asking procedures during the response card sessions were identical to those during the Hand raising sessions. For each student a laminated card is provided on which he/she has to write his/her response to the teachers question. After visually scanning all of the response cards held up by the students, the teacher provides a praise or a corrective feedback. If every one’s response in the class is correct the teacher addresses the feedback to whole class(e. g. , â€Å"Good class, water vapor in the atmosphere is a gas. †) and if some of the student responses are wrong the teacher addresses a feedback to the class (e. g. , â€Å" I see that many of you have gas as the answer . That is correct. Water vapor in atmosphere is gas. â€Å") and if no one gives correct response the teacher addresses a corrective feedback to the class ( e. g. , â€Å" I don’t see the correct answer . The correct answer is gas . Water vapor in atmosphere is a gas. †). As in Hand raising phases the feedback procedure controls the number of times the students write/hear the correct answer to each instruction in response card phase also . Results of the study During HR (hand raising) ,the average number of times the target student raised his/her hand was 9. 9 . The number of responses by the target student during HR averaged 1. 5 per session (the period of questioning) , when RC (response cards) were used , each target student responded to the teacher’s question an average of 21. 8 times per session, that’s a 14 fold increase . Overall, the students as a group orally responded 53 times to 1,103 questions posed in Hand raising phase and 68 times to 1,103 questions posed in the response card phase. So the frequency of the active students response was determined to be higher with response cards than with Hand raising technique. The accuracy of student responses during HR and RC are 92% and 93% respectively. Problems associated with response card techniques Q. When we use response cards in a class , we may notice that some students copy the responses from their neighbors’ cards instead of thinking of their own answers. What should we do then? Response cards provide children with a means of getting actively involved in the lesson. Therefore, children should not be discouraged from looking at each others cards, even if they appear to be copying the response of other students . Rather, the teacher should interpret this student behavior as a possible sign that the child may be confused about the task or may not yet have a firm grasp on the material being presented. In their instance, the instructor can make arrangements to provide the child with additional instruction and guidance as needed . Another problem associated with response cards is , the student may not be very sure of the spellings in his/ her response , so sometimes they try to hide their response instead of showing them up . So students shouldn’t be charged against such kind of mistakes. It should be made clear well before the question is posed that they wouldn’t be held against for such kind of mistakes . Instead ,their answers should be validated in spite of any spelling or grammatical mistakes . And in order to reduce the spelling difficulties , the instructor could : (1) Have students ‘pre practice’ the spelling of new vocabulary words prior to the lesson . (2) Post unfamiliar spelling terms on the board/ screen for students to refer to as they write their responses. (3) Encourage students to try their best in spelling their responses but reassure them that misspellings will not be counting against them. Discussions 1) Response cards allow the teacher to teach facts and definitions more effectively than any other group response techniques. 2) The rate of students’ academic content learning ability is more in RC than other techniques . 3) This technique is more reliable in increasing the frequency of active student response. 4) Response cards are less disruptive and stays more on task unlike hand raising technique. 5) The disadvantage of not being called upon in hand raising techniques is not present in response cards. So every student gets involved in the class. 6) There is more fun involved in this technique than the other techniques , so students will actively participate in the class instead of sitting idle . Response card techniques is replicable by any teacher as it involves no difficulty in implementing it in the class rooms. In fact they provide better results than other group response techniques . But the teachers shouldn’t handle the students in a rigor manner . Strictness , Harshness, Severity should be ruled out while dealing with students. Students preferences During the end of the study, personal interviews are conducted for students and many students said they preferred response card over hand raising as the response card helped them in learning more academic content than Hand raising did. Conclusion The study has proved that the use of response cards is most effective than other group response techniques because it has got more advantages than the other techniques illustrated in the paper and also it helps the students in increasing the learning ability , and makes more students to involve in the class room sessions more actively. References Heward. W. L (1996). Three low tech strategies for increasing the frequency of active student response during group instruction In R. Gardner ,D. M. Sainato,J. OCooper,T. E. Heron,W. L. Heward,J. W. Eshelman,T. A. Grossi (Eds) Behavior analysis in education :focus on measurably superior instruction(pp. 283-320). Pacific Grove ,CA:Brooks/Cole Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1994, spring ,R. Gardner, W. L. Heward, T. A. Grossi Teaching of psychology, Taylor and Francis group, Routledge publishers Meta analysis and research on response cards: Effects on test achievements, Randolph journal of positive behavior interventions. 2007,9:113-238

Analysing Elements Of Corruption In The Indian Economy Politics Essay

Analysing Elements Of Corruption In The Indian Economy Politics Essay Enter the subcontinent in the nineteenth century, the crown jewel of the British Empire, a land rich with resources. Resources which, if properly utilized meant India could potentially be a very powerful nation one day. Post partition and independence from the 1950s up to the late 1980s India remained inclined towards the soviets and had a mixed economy which meant that there were considerable regulations and control in the economy. Empowering the bureaucrats led to corruption at every level of the government. This along with other factors sowed the seeds for a problem that is still very prevalent all over India. Corruption in present day India not only exists but thrives at all levels of government and all the services, to such an extent that even the military and the judiciary is full of corrupt officials. It is interesting to note that the bureaucracy of India under the British Empire was renowned to be largely untainted by corruption. Today the scene is hardly the same mostly owi ng to the electoral politics in India, the police and the judiciary collude with the politicians and engage in a very systematic form of corruption that has been a disgrace to Indias democratic system. In the mid nineteen sixties is considered to be a period where a great divide emerged in the history of public administration in India. Administrators shied away from the methods of the great politicians like Gandhi and Nehru who practiced principled politics. (Gill, 40-43) The key foundation to this new direction in which Indias administration was headed towards, was amorality and it was since then widely practiced in politics. Ever since then emerged an entire generation of politicians who were corrupt to the bone and involved in scandals at an enormous scale. This explains why the nineties were riddled with news of scandals and cons at the hands of persons in authority. The accused were often former ministers, governors and in certain cases even the prime minister. This goes to show that in Indias case no matter how many laws, rules and regulations are put in place to prevent corruption, if the persons who are entrusted with the political administration of the country misuse their authority and exploit the masses, there is absolutely nothing that can be done to prevent them from doing so. Perhaps the largest factor responsible for the corruption in India is that the leadership at the helm of the country not only turns a blind eye to it, but in many cases indulges in it as well. From this stems a trickledown effect that ultimately culminates in corruption being a bureaucratic and political norm in the society, a widely accepted means to achieving many every day ends. Post independence political leadership has stemmed from regional and linguistic movements, which means that such leader will always prefer the betterment of their race rather than the betterment of the Indian people as a whole, this selfish attitude got narrowed down until politics became a purely selfish pursuit. The rules of the game changed forever, as political survival and the pursuit for power, instead of the service of the people seems to be the ultimate aim of politics. The A.D. Gorwala report was one of the first attempts to highlight the problem of corruption that was so very prevalent in India. Gorwala claimed that the process of state building started from an individual level. Building characters of the leaders was the key to building a great nation, and according to Gorwala the immediate causes of the prevalent decadence that plagued the Indian society was World War two. Even though a lot of people helped with the war effort, it was never directly Indias war and hence many a few parties arose who profited from the war itself, both legally and illegally. This quality, of people profiteering from violence and looking for ways to increase their riches at the grave expense and at times lives of other people made them hardened criminals. These criminals took charge, ran for office and indulged in some of the worst scams of all times, siphoning out millions of rupees to private Swiss accounts. Gorwala also claimed that the national movement of indepe ndence failed to leave behind lasting spiritual sentiment amongst the population as a whole and died out giving way to the personal political ambitions of individuals. The report focused mostly on the leadership of the country and how it should lead by example and pointed out the endless scandals that stained their records. Enquiries into allegations have been made by senior all-India leaders of the principle partyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Often they have remained secret. Nor action was taken. It seems fairly clear that if the public is to have confidence that moral standards do prevail in high places, arrangements must be made that no one, however highly placed, is immune from enquiry if allegations against him are made by responsible parties and if a prima facie case exists. There should be no hushing-up or appearance of hushing-up for personal or political reasons. (Public Administration Committee 6-8) Transparency international conducted a Corruption study in 2005 in collaboration with the Centre for Media Studies in Delhi. This was perhaps the largest corruption study undertaken, the span of which ranged over 20 states and covered a sample of 14,405 people and it covered 151 cities and 306 villages. (India corruption study) A state wise analysis was performed, and it was concluded that Bihar was the most corrupt and Kerala stood to be the least corrupt, and among the government services the police was the most corrupt followed by the lower courts and the Land administration, making money a way out for people who may have committed heinous crimes and an illegitimate way to get legitimate services of the government essentially making these services unavailable for all those who cant afford the bribes. Basic amenities like health and electricity were heavily plagued by corruption, and where the courts and the police are the most corrupt, it is indeed going to be a complete mockery o f the rule of law which will no longer prevail. Without law, the very fabric that holds society together will unravel into anarchy. There were many attempts and inquiries made into corruption in various departments and many people took the initiative and voiced their reservations in the form of reports but without the support of senior politicians it was all to no avail. The Railway Corruption Enquiry Committee was one such early attempt. This commission was formed to investigate the corrupt practices that led to heavy losses for Indias extensive railway system. The committee was chaired by J.B. Kriplani, who called corruption the failure of the institution of citizenry that existed from the days of the Greek and Roman empires. (Railway Corruption Committee) It heavily criticized all forms of ticket evasion, bribery or theft. Above all it criticized the public servants for setting a negative example for the public. Senior bureaucrats and politicians used their posts to claim exemptions from paying tickets, setting a very negative trend. The report claimed that no one should be above the law and should do their pa rt in contributing positively to the general welfare of the society as a whole. The report stated that laws and reforms can only go so far in the attempt to curb these mal practices, but what would really make a difference was if the civil servants led a movement to make the people aware of their civic duties and for them to nurture that sentiment in the population, and this is only possible if they actively participate in rooting out corruption themselves. The role that politics plays in helping the spread of corruption in India was looked at most thoroughly by the Shah Commission of Enquiry which looked into the spending during the period of emergency from 1975-77. The head of this commission, justice Shah showed absolutely no reservations in condemning Sanjay Gandhi, son of Indra Gandhi, for committing one of the most heinous acts of corruption in the history of independent India. He stated that: The manner in which Shri Sanjay Gandhi functioned in the public affairs of Delhi in particular is the single greatest act of excess committed during the period of Emergency for which there is no parallel nor any justification for such assumption of authority or power in the history of independent India. While the other acts and excesses may have been in the nature of acts committed by functionaries have some shadow of authority acting in excess of their powers. Here was a case of individual wielding unlimited powers in a dictatorial capacity without even the slightest right to it. If this country is to be rendered safe for future generations the people owe it to themselves to ensure that an irresponsible and unconstitutional centre of power like the one which revolved around Shri Sanjay Gandhi during the Emergency is not allowed to ever come up again in any form or shape or under any guise.(Shah Commission Enqiry) In the nascent days of India, if we trace the tale of corruption, it is a little strange, especially in the case of Jawaharlal Nehru. Even though Nehru shielded many a few corrupt colleagues of his, it is interesting to note that he never benefited personally from any of their ventures. He did not crave material possessions and was a dedicated public servant. Despite that the part he played in highly visible instances of corruption and his support to the guilty set a very bad example and some might even go as far as to say that his actions legitimized corruption at the highest levels, thereby undermining all his principles, essentially jeopardizing the integrity of law. (Noorani 67) In the early days of nation building and setting standards and political morals for years to come, some say that Nehru was to blame for not making an example out of the people responsible. Maybe if not for these few lapses in judgment, maybe if a firm example had been set, India might not have to pay such a heavy price at the hands of corrupt leaders who go unpunished. It wasnt just the conduct of politicians, but also the policies that they adopted which are to blame to a certain extent. India remained a heavily controlled and closed off economy since independence up to the late nineteen eighties. During that time a license Raj was in place which heavily regulated any private companies that wanted to be established. There was a lot of red tape when it came to procedures for setting up the smallest and simplest of business, and in order to avoid all the red tape and the heavy regulations people openly indulged in bribery which became a norm to get things done faster in the Indian society. Even after the economy was liberalized the social norms of getting work done in the public sphere never changed. This unsavory bond between the politicians and the bureaucrats has come to light time and time again in recent years in the form of scams and scandals such as the fodder scam in which the Chief minister and several notable public servants including members of the opposition were involved, the telecom scam involving the telecom minister of the time etc. All such instances set a very negative mindset in all those aspiring to be politicians there by ruining the man power to come. Sadly, these are the scandals that saw the light of day, countless others of varying magnitudes have been carpeted and will continue if decisive and adequate measures arent taken. Let us examine some of the more recent cases that underline the corruption of society within India over a large sample of fields. In telecommunication, there is no scandal bigger than the 2008 2G Spectrum scam that cost the Indian government over US$ 40 billion. Termed the mother of all scams by BJB Spokes person Ravi Shankar Parsad, at the center of the 2G Spectrum fraud is Indias Telecom Minister, Mr. A. Raja who has been charged with selling off 2G cell phone technology licenses at knocked down prices which were originally set in the year 2001, despite the fact that cell phone users had shot up from 4 million to 350 million between 2001 and 2008. Mr. Raja has further been charged with disregarding the for auctions and awarding licenses without even inviting bids, on a first come first served basis. Furthermore; it is also regarded that Mr. Raja ignored advice from the Law and Finance Ministries of the country and also refused to obey the recommendations from TRAI (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India) on the rates to set for the auctioning of the spectrum rights. Mr. Raja resigned amidst massive political pressure from the opposition shortly after this scandal came to light. As of now, the Supreme Court of India is monitoring the Central Bank of Indias investigation into the matter. Shortly after the 2G Spectrum scandal, India was hit by another blow of epic proportions, in January of 2009, Chairman of Satyam Computer Services, Ramalinga Raju resigned from his post after notifying the Board of Directors of the company, through a letter that he has falsified the accounts of the company in order to cover up losses that the company was facing. According to Mr. Rajus letter, about US$ 1 Billion (94% of the companys cash on the books) was made up. The Satyam scandal, as it is now commonly known as is biggest ever corporate fraud in the history of the country. The revelation of the Satyam scandal led to Marrill Lynch (Now part of the Bank of America) and State Farm Insurance to withdraw partnerships with the company, caused the Bombay Stock Exchange to plummet 7% and has raised concerns for foreign investors looking to invest in India. (Vaswani) The Crime Investigation Department has been investigating the matter and despite Mr. Rajus claims that no money was used for his personal interests, the CID has found that the company employed 40,000 people, not 53,000 as had been claimed by Mr. Raju who had been withdrawing over INR 20 crore for those 13,000 employees. Moving onto sport now, we shall look at the Commonwealth Games in India who were hit by spate after spate of corruption scandals from faulty contracts being handed out, to un checked budget allocations, to substandard building materials. The 2010 Commonwealth Games were meant to showcase the countrys competence and coming of age but rapidly turned into an embarrassing example of the corruption and inefficiency that is part of everyday life in the worlds largest democracy. As it has been reported the overall expenditure of the games came to a staggering US$ 15.5 billion compared to $1.1 Billion used up for the games in Melbourne in 2006. With such a steep increase in expenditure, one has to wonder where it all went. Allegedly, it is estimated that the expenditure bills have been inflated by 30% of the actual value of services or commodities procured. Even the Income Tax department is now scrutinizing the finances of the CWG after charges of tax evasion were levied against the CWGs bro adcasters. The Central Vigilance Commission is looking into 11 major project tenders which were awarded at hiked rates causing a loss of over US$ 111 million. (Dolakia) The developer of the infrastructure for the CMGs, Emaar-MGF has also been pulled into the mix with alleged irregularities in the construction of the CGW Village in Delhi. To add to all that, the Central Beaureu of Investigation has also been regularly questioning suspected villain in the story, Suresh Kalmadi The Chief of the CWGs organizing committee. The CBI has also been regularly raiding the offices of the organizing committee, nominating Mr. VK Verma in the FIR report for buying and hiring overpriced equipment. Another major fallout from the games was the Queens Baton Relay financial irregularities case, where again, large sums had been paid to a little known British firm for providing rental cars etc during the launch of the Queens Relay Baton in London. Sticking with sports, let us now move onto a corruption scandal that recently shook India and its favorite sport, cricket. The IPL mess all started back in March when the bidding for new franchises in the IPL started. Rendezvous group won the Kochi franchise for $333.33 million. Shashi Tahoor, an MP from Kerala played a mentoring role is said bid. It was then alleged that the Rendezvous groups bid had been accepted despite better offer on the table. As the structure of ownership of the Kochi franchise started to come to light under continuous scrutiny, it was revealed that one of the shareholders was a close associate of Mr. Tahoor. Further down the line the CEO of the Kochi franchise claimed that he was offered $50 million by Lalit Modi, chief of the IPL to pack up his franchise. (Willamson) Further scrutiny was then spread over the entire IPL to identify the roots of the IPLs funding, which revealed that Mr. Modis brother-in-law owned a large part of Rajasthan Royals; his stepson-i n-law owned the company that has the IPLs media rights. Aviation Winister Patels daughter even worked for the IPL. The revelations kept on coming one after the other, while Mr. Tahoor resigned as a Minister for State of External Affairs under growing pressure. Eventually, everything culminated with the suspension of Mr. Modi, but it was to be too late as the Board for Control of Cricket in India had already been damaged badly by the saga. In the earlier part of the decade gone by, India faced, what at that time was one of the largest counterfeit scandals to hit nation. In late 2001, Abdul Karim Telgi was arrested in Ajmer in connection to a scam involving the printing of counterfeit stamp paper and selling it off to bulk purchasers, such as banks, insurance companies and share-broking firms. Despite being in prison it is alleged the Mr. Telgi still managed to continue his buisiness with the help of prison officials and guards. In 2003, Senior Inspector Dattatrya Dhal was arrested, along with Assistant Inspector Dilip Kamat in connection to aiding Mr. Telgi in running his business from prison. An increasing number of high profile arrests continued to be made through the course of the case, such as Krishna Yadav, the former labor minister and sitting MLA. In 2006 a videotape emerged, showing Mr Telgi taking a Narco Analysis (Truth Serum) test and confessing the names of Congress Party leaders Sharad Pawar and Chaggan Bhujbal in relation to his frauds, though neither of the two have been found guilty of any association with Mr. Telgi. At the peak of his fraudulent scandal, Mr. / Tegli is believed to have been earning up to a whopping US$ 40 Million per month. (Telgi scam) The overall hit of the scam is estimated to be as high as $4.5Billion, though some sources conflict on the amount. Taking a trip down memory lane, well take a look at Indias first large scale global corruption scandal; the Bofors scandal, the scale of which, at that point was Indias worst ever. The scandal takes off from when India agreed to purchase 400 155mm Howitzers from Sweedish arms manufacturer, Borfor AB. The then Indian PM, Rajiv Gandhi, along with others was accused of receiving kickbacks in order to award the contract to Borfors. The outcry from the scandal was huge and it is widely accepted that the scandal led to Rajiv Gandhis Indian National Congress party eventually losing out the in 1989 elections. The Bofors scandal is speculated to have been worth about US$ 9 million, which, considering inflation over the last 30 years was no tiny amount. (Prasad) Ranjiv Gandhi was assassinated in 1991 and eventually, in 2004 courts cleared him on charges of bribery but the case is still ongoing in regards to other charges such as causing wrongful loss to the Government. If one wants a perfect example of a sustained scandal that has seen involvement from bureaucrats, politicians and business men, linking hundreds of top officials for over two decades, costing the Nation approximately US$ 206 million, it would be none other than the Fodder Scam. The scam is thought to have been around since the mid 70s with then Chief Minister of Bihar, Jagannath Maishar the first CM to be alleged of involvement in the fodder scam. The scam is said to have original with small scale embezzlement, with government employees submitting false expense reports to get additional funds. This small scale swindle eventually mutated and evolved over two decades into a scandal that involved almost ever senior official in Bihar and countless businessmen. A scandal that has seen the CM of Bihar during the mid 90s when the report broke, Lalu Parsad Yadhav sent to prison multiple times and charged with multiple cases involving embezzlement of government funds. By the time it was exposed, the fodder scam was an intricate scandal run by a mafia consisting of top government officials, bureaucrats, businessmen, even the lower government officials were involved in the scandal that had the country fooled for so long. Funding was demanded from the Government for cattle that never existed and once provided it was pocketed by the mafia of politicians and businessmen, an association that insured the scam could continue undetected for so long, eating up about US$206 million worth of Government funds.(Patna) Staying with political corruption, lets now glance over to a less glamorous, yet equally damning scandal in the 90s that led to US$ 18 million worth of bribery. Arrests of linked militants in Kashmir led to raids against hawala brokers, the Jain brothers which led to the ghastly discovery of evidence of money linked to the Kashmiri militants transferred to top politicians.(Haqque) Known as the Hawala Scam, the most damning feature of this scandal is that despite the huge stake involved in the scandal, it was never sufficiently investigated, despite big names sush as L. K. Advani, V. C. Shukla, P. Shiv Shankar, Sharad Yadav, Balram Jakhar, and Madan Lal Khurana being accused in relation to the scam. Most of the fore mentioned were acquitted to the courts, they deemed the hawala brokers journals to be insufficient evidence. Indias CBI was vastly criticized for its poor investigation of the cases. (Asia Corruption Ranking) This map shows that despite the fact that there is rampant corruption all over India, it is still comparatively not one of the worst countries in the region with regard to corruption. Corruption is a disease that ails many nations, in Indias case the price that it pays in terms of development and even in sheer monetary terms is crippling. A nation that prides itself as the largest democracy of the world and a country where the majority of the population is below the poverty line, and has a very low standard of living cannot afford to have corruption at such a huge scale. Transparency international estimated that truck drivers end up paying billions of dollars worth of bribes annually. With a population of 1.17 billion people, and a Gross domestic product of 4.05 trillion, India can be one of the most rapidly developing nations of the world and the standard of living would improve drastically provided that corruption is brought down.(Factbook) (Nature of Bribe) Of course there will have to be measures in place that will ensure that the money of the people is spent on uplifting their general standard of living. The World Bank and the IMF have reduced spending in certain sectors in India because they recently discovered the level of corruption that takes place. Scandals at a large scale and executed by ministers really damage the reputation of a nation and its question not only credibility but also the aptness of the system which seems to fails time and time again, for it is the failure of the system that so many corrupt individuals reach the top levels of the government. (Perception of corruption) Transparency Internationals measure of corruption, the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), ranks India as a highly corrupt country, this measure basically indicates how corrupt a country is from a scale from one to ten, one being the most and ten being the least. Somalia made it to the top of the list as th most corrupt country with the measure of 1.1 followed closely by Afghanistan (1.4) and finally down the list is India with a 3.3, followed by Brazil which has a 3.7 and so on. Despite these disturbing findings that shocked many international investors and observers, the Indian population remains largely indifferent to this embarrassing find. (Amount of Bribe) After an exhaustive study of the causes and roots of corruption in the country, one must then look at preventive steps and amends that must be made in the anti-corruption system that would strengthen it and allow for a brighter future to pervade through. In this vein, the works of Professor Krishna K. Tummala and Sunil Sondhi serve as seminal instances of the what, the how and the why of Corruption and ways to combat it. Professor Tummala correctly identifies the overall political and socio-economic conditions of the country to be conducive to the spread and perpetuation of corruption (Tummala 26). As noted by various scholars of public policy and management, less developed countries are prone to corruption by virtue of the income and economic disparities that plague their populace, the inequality of opportunities, fast-changing life styles and inefficiency of the state when it comes to providing basic public amenities such as energy resources, infrastructure and security. Couple that with the fast pace at which the world is changing and the struggle to embrace modernity and one has the perfect recipe for disaster! In such a context, efforts to curb corruption and use of illegal force and authority are indeed difficult to implement and promulgate, however with a few adjustments, such policy changes might just allow for a concrete step towards progress after all. Corruption stems for two basic reasons, contends Tummala, need and greed and posits that corruption in the civil and public service sectors might be contained to some extent by an increase in salaries across the board. One such recommendation was seen to be made in March 2008 by the Sixth Pay Commission which favored a bump in incomes in the lower rungs of the civil service so as to alleviate corruption bottom-up. However, even in countries where the civil service is paid hefty incomes, corruption still exists at all levels which leads one to understand that greed is not of kind, but of size and that unless such acts are publicly denounced and proclaimed at absolutely intolerable that a difference, if any at all, is to come about. What one notices in India is this complacency at all levels, be it the political leadership or civil society, a high ended business man or a common man on the street. As the Santhanam committee rightly observes, a favorable social climate must be created wh erein the likes of corruption and illegal activities are strongly condemned and protested against. Following from the same line of argument, there exists a strong dualism within the Hindu society, where on the one hand the a holier than thou attitude exists and the great epic tales from the Vedas and narrations of honesty, generosity and piety of legendry kings such as Vikramaditya that are told to children even today, on the other we have an inclination towards a most immoral, debase lifestyle which is fed by the desire to compete with the proponents of the liberal, modern lifestyle which took hold post the economic liberalization in 1990. The rhetoric of anti-corruption that is heard once in a blue moon now and then stands as measly Lilliputtian when compared to the giant Gulliver of the modern, liberal, commodity-dependant lifestyle which can only be maintained in the long run by resorting to corrupt practices in a country like India. What needs to be understood then is the need for a cognitive reframing and reconceptualization. We need to reinvoke the principles of simplicity and spirituality into our daily affairs and lifestyles to change the very way a singular block of the community functions, thereby effectuating change bottom-up. However, what needs to be reiterated at this point is that a simple bottom-up and grass-roots level approach is not the complete answer to the plague that is corruption in the country. A simultaneous top-down approach is necessary to ensure the effectiveness and perpetuation of the corruption-alleviation scheme. Herein the role of the three branches of the State comes into play. The Indian system of governance is parliamentary one with the doctrine of separation of powers firmly in place as per the Constitution. The Parliament being the Legislative, the Prime Minister being the Executive and the Supreme Court, holding Judicial authority. Whereas India has with the passage of time strengthened its Judiciary with the Supreme Court taking landmark decisions and the inclusion of amendments 73 and 74 to the Constitution that allow for the empowerment of the masses, there is still is a long way to be covered for the Judiciary to effectively play its part in alleviating and eradicating corruption. As both Sondhi and Tummala have noted, the Judicial processes of India allow for unnecessary delays in suits against corruption, red-tapism and the existence of unnecessary hierarchies both within the judicial as well as accountability/transparency systems allow for cases to get stuck in the back log or never effectively tackled. Moreover laws that have been made to tackle or eradicate corruption from its very roots are either mostly ignored or followed only in certain instances and on the whole the entire spirit of the law is often found to be lost. In fact, paradoxically, certain laws are found to be in complete contravention to the benefits they aim to provide the masses. Tummala correctly notes: various rights guaranteed to the civil servants in the name of assuring their neutrality and accord protection from harassment have been found to come in the way of bringing the errant to book. As noted, Article 311 of the Constitution of India (requiring permission of the appointing authority to prosecute) proved to be a major hurdle. (Tummala 72) Even in the case where the corrupt are brought to the courts, the process of providing justice is extremely slow and long-ended as has been observed earlier. Correctly identifying this, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has noted the need for special courts to be formulated and special institutions to be erected for this very purpose. A review of the judicial process is therefore extremely necessary to come to an effective solution to this problem. Appellate jurisdiction must be provided to special courts for such cases which can then relieve the burden of the pre-existant courts and allow for revisions and appeals to be dealt with effectively and efficiently. The help of partnering institutions must be invoked to ensure the smooth flow of information and evidence when it comes to these cases. In this vein, the help of watch-dog organizations, both national and international, may be sought. Coming next to the problem of implementation which essentially stems from the Executive and its subservient bodies wherein we see a lack of role models who set examples for the general populace. In fact in the very tenure of Indira Gandhi, as Sondhi rightly notes, the practices of corruption within various body functionaries of the state were seen to exist in the form of policies that encourage excess and allow for lacunas within the system of law and governance. The case of Bihar also serves as an apt example, where despite the existence of a number of anti-corruption measures, the implementation of the said measures amounted to zilch. Similarly the case of Tamilnadu where the Chief Minister herself was found to be involved in various cases of corruption serve as an apt example of what is wrong with the current state of affairs and simultaneously point out what needs to change. The political leadership itself needs to be kept in check and in this regards administrative accountabilit y and transparency needs to be encouraged and implemented. As Sondhi notes, such measures,

I and Thou Essay -- Essays Papers

I and Thou What exactly is a soul mate? What does this mean, and how do we know if we have found the one we are supposed to live with for the rest of our lives? Is it an instant feeling that you have for another, or is it an instant response and action you have with another? Martin Buber spent much of his life determining questions such as this, yet in a more concise manner. Buber focused on the relationship of man with man and what it ought to be, or perhaps could be. "The relation can obtain even if the human being to whom I say You does not hear it in his experience. For You is more than It knows. No deception reaches this far: here is the cradle of actual life" ( Buber, 1970, p.59). This quote comes from Martin Buber's book I and Thou and is, in essence, connected to his Theory of Dialogue. In class we briefly went over Buber's definition of dialogue and his explanations of an I-Thou dialogue versus an I-It monologue. However, Buber's Theory of Dialogue is the foundation of his theory of hu man existence. intimacy. The I-Thou dialogue is the definition of intimacy. In this paper I will be addressing Buber's Theory of Dialogue and the applications his theory has on every human being's intimate relationships. I will apply Buber's theory to my personal situation and critique the theory's strengths and weaknesses. I will also explain how this theory relates to humanistic and scientific standards, and ultimately explain the significance of Buber's theory. First, it is necessary to receive some sort of comprehension on the different dimensions of Buber's theory. There are two main dimensions that Buber writes about. The preferable relationship, according to Buber, is the I-Thou relationship. Yet, in order to have the I-Thou rel... ... to be this way: that is what choice is for. All in all, I respect Buber's theories and hope to live up to them the best way that I can. I would like to end with a simple quote from Buber (1970) that, I feel, is inspirational considering the argued difficulties of his theories: Believe in the simple of magic of life, in service in the universe, and it will dawn on you what this waiting, peering, 'stretching of the neck' of the creature means. Every word must falsify; but look, thing beings live around you, and no matter which one you approach you always reach Being ... all actual life is encounter (p.67). References Buber, M. (1970). I and Thou. (W. Kaufmann, Trans.). New York: Charles Scribners's Sons. (original work never published in U.S.: written in 1937) Friedman, M. (1960). Martin Buber, The Life of Dialogue. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

President Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) Essay example -- Biography Biographi

President Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) "A Great Society" for the American people and their fellow men elsewhere was the vision of Lyndon B. Johnson. In his first years of office he obtained passage of one of the most extensive legislative programs in the Nation's history. Maintaining collective security, he carried on the rapidly growing struggle to restrain Communist encroachment in Vietnam. Johnson was born on August 27, 1908, in central Texas, not far from Johnson City, which his family had helped settle. He felt the pinch of rural poverty as he grew up, working his way through Southwest Texas State Teachers College; he learned compassion for the poverty of others when he taught students of Mexican descent. In 1937 he campaigned successfully for the House of Representatives on a New Deal platform, effectively aided by his wife, the former Claudia "Lady Bird" Taylor, whom he had married in 1934. During World War II he served briefly in the Navy as a lieutenant commander, winning a Silver Star in the South Pacific. After six terms in the House, Johnson was elected to the ...

Final Exam Acc/291

————————————————- 1) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that all publicly traded companies maintain a system of internal controls. Internal controls can be defined as a plan to A. safeguard assets B. monitor balance sheets C. control liabilities D. evaluate capital stock ————————————————- 2) The purchase of treasury stock A. decreases common stock authorized B. decreases common stock issued C. decreases common stock outstanding D. has no effect on common stock outstanding ————————————————- ) Marsh Company has other operating expenses of $240,000. There has been an increase in prepaid expenses of $16,000 during the year, and accrued liabilities are $24,000 l ower than in the prior period. Using the direct method of reporting cash flows from operating activities, what were Marsh's cash payments for operating expenses? A. $228,000 B. $232,000 C. $200,000 D. $280,000 ————————————————- 4) Where would the event purchased land for cash appear, if at all, on the indirect statement of cash flows? A. Operating activities sectionB. Investing activities section C. Financing activities section D. Does not represent a cash flow ————————————————- 5) In performing a vertical analysis, the base for cost of goods sold is A. total selling expenses B. net sales C. total revenues D. total expense ————————————————- 6) Blanco, I nc. has the following income statement (in millions): BLANCO, INC. Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 2011 Net  Sales †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $200 Cost of Goods Sold †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 20 Gross Profit †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 80 Operating Expenses †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 44 Net Income †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $ 36 Using vertical analysis, what percentage is assigned to Net Income? A. 100% B. 82% C. 18% D. 25% ————————————————- 7) Dawson Company issued 500 shares of no-par common stock for $4,500. Which of the following journal entries would be made if the stock has a stated value of $2 per share? A. Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. $4,500   Common Stock 4,500 B. Feature Article Fin 486 Final ExamCash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $4,500 Common Stock 1,000 Paid-In Capital in Excess of Par 3,500 C. Cash †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $4,500 Common Stock 1,000 Paid-In Capital in Excess of Stated Value 3,500 D. Common Stock †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. $4,500   Cash 4,500 ————————————————- 8) Andrews, Inc. paid $45,000 to buy back 9,000 shares of its $1 par value common stock. This stock was sold later at a selling price of $6 per share. The entry to record the sale includes a A. credit to Paid-In Capital fromTreasury Stock for $9,000 B. credit  to Retained Earnings for $9,000 C. debit to Pain-In Capital from Treasury Stock for $45,000 D. debit to Retai ned Earnings for $45,000 ————————————————- 9) Which of the following is a fundamental factor in having an effective, ethical corporate culture? A. Efficient  oversight by the company’s Board of Directors B. Workplace ethics C. Code of conduct D. Ethics management programs ————————————————- 10) Two individuals at a retail store work the same cash register. You evaluate this situation as A. violation of establishment of responsibility B. a violation of segregation of duties C. supporting the establishment of responsibility D. supporting internal independent verification ————————————————- 11) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act imposed which new penalty for ex ecutives? A. Fines B. Suspension C. Criminal prosecution for executives D. Return of ill-gotten gains ————————————————- 12) Hahn Company uses the percentage of sales method for recording bad debts expense. For the year, cash sales are $300,000 and credit sales are $1,200,000.Management estimates that 1% is the sales percentage to use. What adjusting entry will Hahn Company make to record the bad debts expense? A. Bad Debts Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $15,000   Allowances for Doubtful  Accounts †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $15,000 B. Bad Debts Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $12,000   Allowances for Doubtful Accounts †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $12,000 C. Bad Debts Expense â⠂¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $12,000   Accounts Receivable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. $12,000 D. Bad Debts Expense †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15,000   Accounts Receivable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. $15,000 ————————————————- 13) Using the percentage of receivables method for recording bad debts expense, estimated uncollectible accounts are $15,000. If the balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is $3,000 credit before adjustment, what is the amount of bad debts expense for that period? A. $15,000 B. $12,000 C. $18,000 D. $8,000 ——————————â €”—————- 14) Intangible assets A. should be reported under the heading Property, Plant, and Equipment B. hould be reported as a separate classification on the balance sheet C. should be reported as Current Assets on the balance sheet D. are not reported on the balance sheet because they lack physical substance ————————————————- 15) Intangible assets are the rights and privileges that result from ownership of long-lived assets that A. must be generated internally B. are depletable natural resources C. do not have physical substance D. have been exchanged at a gain ————————————————- 16) The book value of an asset is equal to theA. asset’s market value less its historic  cost B. blue book value relied on by secondary m arkets C. replacement cost of the asset D. asset’s cost less accumulated depreciation ————————————————- 17) Gains on an exchange of plant assets that has commercial substance are A. deducted from the  cost  of the new asset acquired B. deferred C. not possible D. recognized immediately ————————————————- 18) Ordinary repairs are expenditures to maintain the operating efficiency of a plant asset and are referred to as A. capital expendituresB. expense expenditures C. improvements D. revenue expenditures ————————————————- 19) When an interest-bearing note matures, the balance in the Notes Payable account is A. less than the total amount repaid b y the borrower B. the difference between the maturity value of the note and the face value of the note C. equal to the total amount repaid by the owner D. greater than the total amount repaid by the owner ————————————————- 20) The interest charged on a $200,000 note payable, at a rate of 6%, on a 2-month note would be A. 12,000 B. $6,000 C. $3,000 D. $2,000 ————————————————- 21) Costs incurred to increase the operating efficiency or useful life of a plant asset are referred to as A. capital expenditures B. expense expenditures C. ordinary repairs D. revenue expenditures ————————————————- 22) If a corporation issued $3,000,000 in bonds which pay 10% annu al interest, what is the annual net cash cost of this borrowing if the income tax rate is 30%? A. $3,000,000 B. $90,000 C. $300,000 D. $210,000 ————————————————- 3) Hilton Company issued a four-year interest-bearing note payable for $300,000 on January 1, 2011. Each January the company is required to pay $75,000 on the note. How will this note be reported on the December 31, 2012 balance sheet? A. Long-term  debt, $300,000. B. Long-term debt, $225,000. C. Long-term debt, $150,000; Long-term debt due within one year, $75,000. D. Long-term debt, $225,000; Long-term debt due within one year, $75,000. ————————————————- 24) A corporation issued $600,000, 10%, 5-year bonds on January 1, 2011 for 648,666, which reflects an effective-interest rate of 8%.Interest is pai d semiannually on January 1 and July 1. If the corporation uses the effective-interest method of amortization of bond premium, the amount of bond interest expense to be recognized on July 1, 2011, is A. $30,000 B. $24,000 C. $32,434 D. $25,946 ————————————————- 25) When the effective-interest method of bond discount amortization is used A. the applicable  interest rate  used to compute interest expense is the prevailing market interest rate on the date of each interest payment date B. the carrying value of the bonds will decrease each period C. nterest expense will not be a constant dollar amount over the life of the bond D. interest paid to bondholders will be a function of the effective-interest rate on the date the bonds were issued ————————————————- 26) I f a corporation has only one class of stock, it is referred to as A. classless stock B. preferred stock C. solitary stock D. common stock ————————————————- 27) Capital stock to which the charter has assigned a value per share is called A. par value stock B. no-par value stock C. stated value stockD. assigned value stock ————————————————- 28) ABC, Inc. has 1,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value, cumulative preferred stock and 50,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding at December 31, 2011. What is the annual dividend on the preferred stock? A. $50 per share B. $5,000 in total C. $500 in total D. $. 50 per share ————————————————- 29) Manner, Inc. has 5,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value, noncumulative preferred stock and 20,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding at December 31, 2011.There were no dividends declared in 2010. The board of directors declares and pays a $45,000 dividend in 2011. What is the amount of dividends received by the common stockholders in 2011? A. $0 B. $25,000 C. $45,000 D. $20,000 ————————————————- 30) When the selling price of treasury stock is greater than its cost, the company credits the difference to A. Gain on Sale of Treasury Stock B. Paid-in Capital from Treasury Stock C. Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value D. Treasury Stock